The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three‐model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz
Abstract
The frequency dependence of electromagnetic field-induced calcium-ion efflux from chicken brain tissues has been examined at 15-Hz intervals over the range 1-510 Hz. The electric field component was 15 Vrms/m and the magnetic component varied between 59 and 69 nTrms. No patterns of response as a function of frequency could be readily discerned when the differences in mean efflux values between exposed and sham samples were compared. However, the calculated P-value, a function that combines at each frequency the difference between the means of the exposed and sham groups with the variance of each group, does provide a basis for hypothesizing the existence of three frequency-dependent patterns in the data. One pattern includes all the highly significant (P less than .01) responses which occur between 15 and 315 Hz, at 30-Hz intervals; two independent trials at 165 Hz, giving nonsignificant responses (P greater than .5), break this pattern into two groups of five frequencies each, which is contrary to the expected result for a simple Lorentz-force interaction. However, another pattern of significant results at 60, 90, and 180 Hz, but not at 300 Hz, is consistent with a Lorentz-force model. A third pattern, composed of only one significant response at 405 Hz, is very close to the resonance predicted on a linear extrapolation from high-frequency data for 13carbon atoms. This hypothetical ordering of the frequency-response profile provides the basis for future experimental designs…
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“The researchers in the chick-brain experiment made the common mistake of using statistical significance as a criterion for separating the estimates of different effects, an approach that does not make sense.”
From The Difference Between “Significant” and “Not Significant” is not Itself Statistically Significant (2006) · cites this paper as Blackman et al. (1988)
In the citing paper
“Some might object to this exchangeable model for the experiments at different frequencies, but this is consistent with the original Blackman et al. analysis, which also makes this assumption of exchangeability. (That is to say, neither of the analyses distinguish between the experiments based on the underlying frequency.)”
From The Difference Between “Significant” and “Not Significant” is not Itself Statistically Significant (2006) · cites this paper as Blackman et al. (1988)
In the citing paper
“Blackman et al. (1988) summarized the estimates at the different frequencies by their statistical significance, using a graph similar to Figure 2a with different shading indicating results that are more than 2.3 standard errors from zero (that is, statistically significant at the 99% level), between 2.0 and 2.3 standard errors from zero (statistically significant at the 95% level), and so forth.”
From The Difference Between “Significant” and “Not Significant” is not Itself Statistically Significant (2006) · cites this paper as Blackman et al. (1988)
Citations
Cites
Electron paramagnetic resonance of transition ions
Abragam, A., & BLEANEY, B. (1970) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 9,006
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
Di Cyan, E. (1970) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1970.00310080141025 · Cited by 1,730
Tissue interactions with nonionizing electromagnetic fields.
Adey, W. R. (1981) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1981.61.2.435 · Cited by 657
Bawin, S. M., & Adey, W. R. (1976) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.73.6.1999 · Cited by 436
Ion Cyclotron Resonance Spectroscopy
Beauchamp, J. L. (1971) · Annual Review of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.pc.22.100171.002523 · Cited by 376
EFFECTS OF MODULATED VHF FIELDS ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM*
Bawin, S. M., Kaczmarek, L. K., & Adey, W. R. (1975) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35984.x · Cited by 372
Blackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., Rabinowitz, J. R., House, D. E., & Joines, W. T. (1985) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.2250060402 · Cited by 344
Self-citationBlackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., House, D. E., et al. (1985) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.2250060102 · Cited by 233
Self-citationEffects of ELF Fields on Calcium-Ion Efflux from Brain Tissue in Vitro
Blackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., Kinney, L. S., Joines, W. T., & House, D. E. (1982) · Radiation Research · doi:10.2307/3575923 · Cited by 223
Self-citationCalcium cyclotron resonance and diatom mobility
Smith, S., McLeod, B. R., Liboff, A. R., & Cooksey, K. E. (1987) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.2250080302 · Cited by 221
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Atkins PW, 1982, Physical Chemistry, 637
- Blackman CF, 1988, Electromagnetic Waves and Neurobehavioral Function, 107
- Blackman CF, 1985, Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Cells, 521
- Callen HB, 1967, Handbook of Physics, 8‐24
- Chiabrera A, 1985, Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Cells, 253
- Liboff AR, 1985, Interactions between Electromagnetic Fields and Cells, 281
Cited by
The Difference Between “Significant” and “Not Significant” is not Itself Statistically Significant
Gelman, A., & Stern, H. (2006) · The American Statistician · doi:10.1198/000313006x152649 · Cited by 1,407
Metadata
- Authors
- Blackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., Elliott, D. J., House, D. E., & Pollock, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Environmental Protection Agency (US)
- ORCID
- Blackman, C. F.
- Venue
- Bioelectromagnetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 215-227
- ISSN
- 0197-8462 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-186X
- OpenAlex
- W1986307310
- Cited by
- 152
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioelectromagnetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Magnetic and Electromagnetic Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- electromagnetic fields, brain tissue, frequency dependence, Lorentz force, chicken brain, electric field exposure, magnetic field exposure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Calcium, Chickens, Electromagnetic Fields, Models, Biological, Electromagnetic Phenomena, In Vitro Techniques
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three‐model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/bem.2250090303
- The paper
- Blackman, C. F., Benane, S. G., Elliott, D. J., House, D. E., & Pollock, M. M. (1988). Influence of electromagnetic fields on the efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue in vitro: A three‐model analysis consistent with the frequency response up to 510 Hz. Bioelectromagnetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250090303
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
