The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A twelve-step program for evolving multicellularity and a division of labor
Abstract
The volvocine algae provide an unrivalled opportunity to explore details of an evolutionary pathway leading from a unicellular ancestor to multicellular organisms with a division of labor between different cell types. Members of this monophyletic group of green flagellates range in complexity from unicellular Chlamydomonas through a series of extant organisms of intermediate size and complexity to Volvox, a genus of spherical organisms that have thousands of cells and a germ-soma division of labor. It is estimated that these organisms all shared a common ancestor about 50 +/- 20 MYA. Here we outline twelve important ways in which the developmental repertoire of an ancestral unicell similar to modern C. reinhardtii was modified to produce first a small colonial organism like Gonium that was capable of swimming directionally, then a sequence of larger organisms (such as Pandorina, Eudorina and Pleodorina) in which there was an increasing tendency to differentiate two cell types, and eventually Volvox carteri with its complete germ-soma division of labor.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Monophyletic Origins of the Metazoa: an Evolutionary Link with Fungi
Wainright, P. O., Hinkle, G., Sogin, M. L., & Stickel, S. K. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8469985 · Cited by 667
Animals and fungi are each other's closest relatives: congruent evidence from multiple proteins.
Baldauf, S. L., & Palmer, J. D. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.24.11558 · Cited by 543
The origins of multicellularity
Bonner, J. T. (1998) · Integrative Biology: Issues, News, and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6602(1998)1:1<27::aid-inbi4>3.0.co;2-6 · Cited by 431
FINE STRUCTURE OF CELL DIVISION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI
Johnson, U. G., & Porter, K. R. (1968) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.38.2.403 · Cited by 393
PROSCHOLD, T. (2001) · Protist · doi:10.1078/1434-4610-00068 · Cited by 259
The Origin and evolution of sex
Monroy, A. (1985) · Cited by 216
Control of cell division by a retinoblastoma protein homolog in Chlamydomonas
Umen, J. G., & Goodenough, U. W. (2001) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.892101 · Cited by 215
Volvox: Molecular-Genetic Origins of Multicellularity and Cellular Differentiation.
Coleman, A. W. (1998) · Phycologia · doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-37-4-314.1 · Cited by 187
Control of Differentiation in Volvox
Starr, R. C. (1971) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-395534-0.50009-1 · Cited by 165
Asamizu, E. (1999) · DNA Research · doi:10.1093/dnares/6.6.369 · Cited by 156
Cited by
Algae-bacteria interactions: Evolution, ecology and emerging applications
Ramanan, R., Kim, B.-H., Cho, D.-H., Oh, H.-M., & Kim, H.-S. (2016) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.003 · Cited by 1,301
Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering Plants
Popper, Z. A., Michel, G., Hervé, C., Domozych, D. S., Willats, W. G. T., Tuohy, M. G., Kloareg, B., & Stengel, D. B. (2011) · Annual Review of Plant Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103809 · Cited by 732
Experimental evolution of multicellularity
Ratcliff, W. C., Denison, R. F., Borrello, M., & Travisano, M. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1115323109 · Cited by 570
Michel, G., Tonon, T., Scornet, D., Cock, J. M., & Kloareg, B. (2010) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03374.x · Cited by 419
Porphyra: a marine crop shaped by stress
Blouin, N. A., Brodie, J. A., Grossman, A. C., Xu, P., & Brawley, S. H. (2011) · Trends in Plant Science · doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2010.10.004 · Cited by 414
Metadata
- Authors
- Kirk, D. L.
- Venue
- BioEssays
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 299-310
- ISSN
- 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-1878
- OpenAlex
- W1999445678
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A twelve-step program for evolving multicellularity and a division of labor. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/bies.20197
- The paper
- Kirk, D. L. (2005). A twelve-step program for evolving multicellularity and a division of labor. BioEssays. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.20197
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.