From embryonal carcinoma cells to neurons: The P19 pathway
Abstract
The differentiation of mammalian neurons during development is a highly complex process involving regulation and coordination of gene expression at multiple steps. The P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line is a suitable model system with which to analyze regulation of neuronal differentiation. These multipotential cells can be maintained and propagated in tissue culture in an undifferentiated state. Exposure of aggregated P19 cells to retinoic acid results in the differentiation of cells with many fundamental phenotypes of mammalian neurons. Undifferentiated P19 cells are amenable to genetic manipulations such as transfection and establishment of stable clonal cell lines expressing introduced genes. Proteins that play a key role in the neuronal differentiation of P19 cells are beginning to be identified. These include retinoic acid receptors, the epidermal growth factor receptor and the transcription factors Oct‐3 and Brn‐2. The biological and technical advantages of this system should facilitate deeper analysis of the activities of proteins that play a role in neuronal differentiation.
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An early phase of commitment to neuronal fate occurs within two days after RA-treatment for P19 and NT2/D1 cells; a later phase of terminal differentiation takes place between days five to eight in P19 cells and is delayed for more than three weeks in NT2/D1 cells.
“An early phase of commitment to neuronal fate occurs within two days after RA-treatment for P19 and NT2/D1 cells. A later phase of terminal differentiation takes place between days five to eight in P19 cells and is delayed for more than three weeks in NT2/D1 cells [42,43].”
From Expression profiling of mammalian microRNAs uncovers a subset of brain-expressed microRNAs with possible roles in murine and human neuronal differentiation (2004) · cites this paper as [42]
P19 and NT2/D1 have similar programs of neuronal differentiation, though the differentiation of P19 cells progresses more rapidly than that of NT2/D1 cells.
“P19 and NT2/D1 have similar programs of neuronal differentiation, though the differentiation of P19 cells progresses more rapidly than that of NT2/D1 cells [42,43].”
From Expression profiling of mammalian microRNAs uncovers a subset of brain-expressed microRNAs with possible roles in murine and human neuronal differentiation (2004) · cites this paper as [42]
Cites
Multiplicity generates diversity in the retinoic acid signalling pathways
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Sempere, L. F., Freemantle, S., Pitha-Rowe, I., Moss, E., Dmitrovsky, E., & Ambros, V. (2004) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-3-r13 · Cited by 1,578 · see citing works
Plummer, N. W., McBurney, M. W., & Meisler, M. H. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.24008 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Mansfield, K. D., & Keene, J. D. (2012) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkr1114 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bain, G., Ray, W. J., Yao, M., & Gottlieb, D. I.
- Venue
- BioEssays
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 343-348
- ISSN
- 0265-9247
- 1521-1878
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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