The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The structure of native cellulose
Abstract
Native cellulose has been shown to consist of a crystalline array of parallel chains, based on the X‐ray diffraction data for specimens from the sea alga Valonia ventricosa. The unit cell is monoclinic with dimensions a = 16.34 Å, b = 15.72 Å, c = 10.38 Å (fiber axis), and β = 97.0°. The space group is P2 1 and the cell contains disaccharide segments of eight chains. Models containing chains with the same sense (parallel) or alternating sense (antiparallel) were refined against the intensity data using rigidbody least squares procedures. The results show a preference for a parallel chain structure with specific chain polarity with respect to the c axis. The refinement places the CH 2 OH side chains approximately 20′ from the so‐called tg conformation, with a result that an 02′H…06 intramolecular bond is formed. The structure also contains an 03H…05′ intramolecular bond and an 06H…03 intermolecular bond along the a axis. All these bonds lie in the 020 planes, and the structure is an array of hydrogen‐bonded sheets. A major consequence of this work is that regular chain folding can be ruled out and cellulose is seen as extended chain polymer single crystals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Significance tests on the crystallographic R factor
Hamilton, W. C. (1965) · Acta Crystallographica · doi:10.1107/s0365110x65001081 · Cited by 1,952
Experimental determination of the elastic modulus of crystalline regions in oriented polymers
Sakurada, I., Nukushina, Y., & Ito, T. (1962) · Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/pol.1962.1205716551 · Cited by 883
Infrared spectra of crystalline polysaccharides. I. Hydrogen bonds in native celluloses
Liang, C. Y., & Marchessault, R. H. (1959) · Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/pol.1959.1203713209 · Cited by 431
Positions des atomes dans le nouveau modèle spatial de la cellulose
Meyer, K. H., & Misch, L. (1937) · Helvetica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1002/hlca.19370200134 · Cited by 394
The Crystal Structure of Melamine
Hughes, E. W. (1941) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01851a069 · Cited by 355
The refinement of the crystal structures of β-D-glucose and cellobiose
Chu, S. S. C., & Jeffrey, G. A. (1968) · Acta Crystallographica Section B · doi:10.1107/s0567740868003250 · Cited by 351
THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF α-CHITIN (P OLY-N-ACETYL-D-G LUCOSAMINE)
Carlström, D. (1957) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.3.5.669 · Cited by 294
Structure of β‐chitin or parallel chain systems of poly‐β‐(1→4)‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine
Blackwell, J. (1969) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.1969.360070302 · Cited by 202
Self-citationArnott, S. (1966) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(66)90009-7 · Cited by 190
Sundaralingam, M. (1968) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.1968.360060204 · Cited by 176
Cited by
Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material
Klemm, D., Heublein, B., Fink, H., & Bohn, A. (2005) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200460587 · Cited by 7,551
Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites
Moon, R. J., Martini, A., Nairn, J., Simonsen, J., & Youngblood, J. (2011) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c0cs00108b · Cited by 6,756
Azizi Samir, M. A. S., Alloin, F., & Dufresne, A. (2005) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/bm0493685 · Cited by 2,311
Ionic Liquids and Their Interaction with Cellulose
Pinkert, A., Marsh, K. N., Pang, S., & Staiger, M. P. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9001947 · Cited by 1,508
Rodlike cellulose microcrystals: Structure, properties and applications
de Souza Lima, M. M., & Borsali, R. (2004) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.200300268 · Cited by 894
Metadata
- Authors
- Gardner, K. H., & Blackwell, J.
- Venue
- Biopolymers
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1974-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1975-2001
- ISSN
- 0006-3525 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0282
- OpenAlex
- W2169514751
- Cited by
- 699
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 7.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The structure of native cellulose. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/bip.1974.360131005
- The paper
- Gardner, K. H., & Blackwell, J. (1974). The structure of native cellulose. Biopolymers. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.1974.360131005
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
