Microscopic examination of changes of plant cell structure in corn stover due to hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis

Abstract

Particle size associated with accessible surface area has a significant impact on the saccharification of plant cell walls by cellulolytic enzymes. Small particle sizes of untreated cellulosic substrate are more readily hydrolyzed than large ones because of higher specific surface area. Pretreatment enlarges accessible and susceptible surface area leading to enhanced cellulose hydrolysis. These hypotheses were tested using ground corn stover in the size ranges of 425–710 and 53–75 µm. Ultrastructural changes in these particles were imaged after treatment with cellulolytic enzymes before and after liquid hot water pretreatment. The smaller 53–75 µm corn stover particles are 1.5× more susceptible to hydrolysis than 425–710 µm corn stover particles. This difference between the two particle size ranges is eliminated when the stover is pretreated with liquid hot water pretreatment at 190°C for 15 min, at pH between 4.3 and 6.2. This pretreatment causes ultrastructural changes and formation of micron‐sized pores that make the cellulose more accessible to hydrolytic enzymes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 265–278. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.