Opportunities for renewable bioenergy using microorganisms

Rittmann, Bruce E.·2008·Biotechnology and Bioengineering
DOI 10.1002/bit.21875

Cited by (648)

Items 401–500 of 648

  1. Characterisation of a Novel Acetyl Xylan Esterase (BaAXE) Screened from the Gut Microbiota of the Common Black Slug (Arion ater)
    Henry Madubuike, N. Ferry · 2022 · Molecules
  2. Electrochemical Energy Harvesting Using Microbial Active Matter
    Ashish Kumar Shukla, Shirsendu Mitra, Shikha Dhakar, Arnab Maiti, Sudhanshu Sharma, Krishna Kanti Dey · 2022 · ACS Applied Bio Materials
  3. Transesterification of Algal Oil Using Nano CaO Catalyst
    Gaurav Manik, An, Rajeswari Rajasekaran · 2013 · International Journal of Chemical Sciences
  4. Optimization of culture conditions for Chlorella sorokiniana using swine manure wastewater
    Bo Zhang, Sanfeng Chen · 2015 · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
  5. Climate change and micro-organism genetic resources for food and agriculture: state of knowledge, risks and opportunities
    Fen D. Beed, A. Benedetti, Gianluigi Cardinali, Sukumar Chakraborty, Thomas Dubois, Garrett, K.A., Michael Halewood · 2011 · K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University)
  6. Understanding the Role of pH Regulation and Neutralizing Agents in Organic Acid Production and Growth of Aspergillus oryzae
    Lukas Hartmann, Mark Christopher Martin, Anke Neumann, Dirk Holtmann, Katrin Ochsenreither · 2025 · Biotechnology and Bioengineering
  7. Galactose-based biohydrogen production from seaweed biomass by novel strain Clostridium sp. JH03 from anaerobic digester sludge
    Jeong Hyeon Hwang, Hyun Joong Kim, Hyun‐Jin Kim, Nara Shin, Suk Jin Oh, Jeong‐Hoon Park, Won-Dong Cho, Jungoh Ahn, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung‐Hun Yang · 2024 · Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering
  8. Production and Application of Biogas as a Gaseous Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines
    Debabrata Barik, S. Murugan · 2012
  9. Multi-species Identification of Polymorphic Peptide Variants via Propagation in Spectral Networks
    Seungjin Na, Samuel Payne, Nuno Bandeira · 2016 · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
  10. Modeling of microfluidic bio-solar cell using microalgae through multiphysics platform: A greener approach en route for energy production
    Reshma Liyakath, Amballa Chaitanyakumar, Amitava Aditya, Ramaraj Boopathy, Kannappan Santhakumar · 2017 · Algal Research
  11. Screening of two terrestrial cyanobacteria for biotechnological production processes in shaking flasks, bubble columns, and stirred tank reactors
    Stephan Kuhne, Dorina Strieth, Andreas P.M. Weber, Kai Muffler, Michael Lakatos, Roland Ulber · 2013 · Journal of Applied Phycology
  12. Green energy from Rhodopseudomonas palustris grown at low to high irradiance values, under fed-batch operational conditions
    Pietro Carlozzi, Cristina Pintucci, Raffaella Piccardi, Arianna Buccioni, Sara Minieri, Maurizio Lambardi · 2009 · Biotechnology Letters
  13. Optimization of cryopreservation conditions for the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae
    Mio Ohnuma, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa, Kan Tanaka · 2011 · The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
  14. Resource Potential for Biogas Production in Ukraine
    Lesia Pavliukh, Sergii Boichenko, Valeriya Onopa, Oksana Tykhenko, Petro Topilnytskyy, Viktoria Romanchuk, Igor Samsin · 2019 · Chemistry & Chemical Technology
  15. Increased anode respiration enhances utilization of short-chain fatty acid and lipid wet-extraction from Scenedesmus acutus biomass in electro-selective fermentation
    Yuanzhe Liu, YenJung Sean Lai, Bruce E. Rittmann · 2019 · Renewable Energy
  16. Modulation of yeast oil production by Pseudozyma parantarctica CHC28 using xylose and organic acids and its conversion feasibility to bio-polyurethane foam
    Thidarat Samranrit, Jantima Teeka, Kessuda Ngernsombat, Chiu-Hsia Chiu, Dolnapa Kaewpa, Atsadawut Areesirisuk · 2023 · Biochemical Engineering Journal
  17. The Possibility of Using Macroalgae Biomass from Natural Reservoirs as a Substrate in the Methane Fermentation Process
    Marcin Dębowski, Marcin Zieliński, Magdalena Rokicka, Karolina Kupczyk · 2014 · International Journal of Green Energy
  18. Computational Design of Biomimetic Phosphate Scavengers
    Mathias F. Gruber, Elizabeth Wood, Sigurd Friis Truelsen, Thomas Østergaard, Claus Hélix‐Nielsen · 2015 · Environmental Science & Technology
  19. Lipids from oleaginous yeasts: production and encapsulation
    Andréia Anschau · 2016 · Elsevier eBooks
  20. Anaerobic bioconversion of poultry industry-derived wastes for the production of biofuels and other value-added products
    Chukwudi Ogbonnaya Onwosi, Victor Chukwunenye Igbokwe, Joyce N. Odimba, Tochukwu Nwamaka Nwagu · 2020 · Elsevier eBooks
  21. Optimization of process parameters of the growth of Chlorella vulgaris for the production of biodiesel feedstock (microbial lipid) using sago wastewater as substrate
    Vishnu Priya M, Ramesh Kasimani · 2021 · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
  22. Metagenomic mining of Indian river confluence reveal functional microbial community with lignocelluloytic potential
    Vinay Rajput, Rachel Samson, Rakeshkumar Yadav, Syed Gulam Dastager, Krishna Khairnar, Mahesh Shantappa Dharne · 2022 · 3 Biotech
  23. Biomass Waste Conversion Technologies for its Utilization and Energy Generation in India: A Perspective
    Puneet Juneja · 2024 · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
  24. A microfabricated paper-based microbial fuel cell
    Arwa Fraiwan, S. Mukherjee, S. Sundermier, Seokheun Choi · 2013 · IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
  25. Design and Fabrication of Membrane Less Microbial Fuel Cell (ML-MFC) using Food Industries Wastewater for Power Generation
    Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan, MSA Amin, Saifuddin Sarker, K. Ferdaus · 2014 · Journal of Chemical Engineering
  26. Biofuels from Micro-Organisms: Thermodynamic Considerations on the Role of Electrochemical Potential on Micro-Organisms Growth
    Umberto Lucia, Giulia Grisolia · 2021 · Applied Sciences
  27. Anaerobic Digestion in Built Environments
    Anna Sikora · 2021 · IntechOpen eBooks
  28. The effect of pressure and temperature pretreatment on the biogas output from algal biomass
    Marcin Zieliński, Marcin Dębowski, Anna Nowicka, Magda Dudek, Karolina Kupczyk, Magdalena Rokicka · 2014 · Environmental Technology
  29. Processes for biodiesel production from unrefined oils and fats
    J. C. J. Bart, Natale Palmeri, Stefano Cavallaro · 2010 · Elsevier eBooks
  30. Potential Utilization of Green Tide-Forming Macroalgae from Patos Lagoon, Rio Grande-RS, Brazil
    Michele Silveira Coelho, Bruna da Silva Menezes, Sílvia Letícia Rivero Meza, Bruno L. Gianasi, Myriam de las Mercedes Salas‐Mellado, Margareth Copertino, Michele da Rosa Andrade Zimmermann de Souza · 2016 · Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology
  31. Biofuel production from Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae in seawater without harvesting and dewatering over alumina-silicate supported nickel catalysts
    Özgün Deliismail, Bertan Özdoğru, Erol Şeker · 2018 · Bioresource Technology Reports
  32. Biofuels of the Present and the Future
    Arnold L. Demain, Marco A. Báez-Vásquez · 2013 · Elsevier eBooks
  33. Dual Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment and Biodiesel Production
    Hamed Eladel, Sivakumar Esakkimuthu, Abdelfatah Abomohra · 2019 · Springer eBooks
  34. Dual Role of Microalgae: Phycoremediation Coupled with Biomass Generation for Biofuel Production
    Amit Kumar Singh, Harvesh Kumar Rana, Ravi Kumar Yadav, Abhay Kumar Pandey · 2019 · Springer eBooks
  35. Electricity-Driven Microbial Factory for Value-Added Resources Recovery from Waste Streams
    Mohamed Mahmoud · 2020 · Springer eBooks
  36. Quantitative investigation of hydraulic mixing energy input during batch mode anaerobic digestion and its impact on performance
    James D. McLeod, Maazuza Z. Othman, Rajarathinam Parthasarathy · 2018 · Bioresource Technology
  37. Anaerobic Digestion of Wastewater and Biosolids
    2010 · Wiley eBooks
  38. CULTIVATION OF INDIGENOUS ALGAE FOR INCREASED BIOGAS PRODUCTION
    Ivo Krustok, Emma Nehrenheim, Monica Odlare, Xiaoling Liu, S Li · 2013 · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)
  39. Enhanced bioenergy and nutrients recovery from wastewater using hybrid anodes in microbial nutrient recovery system
    K. A. Shahid, Deepika Lakshmi Ramasamy, Parminder Kaur, Mika E. T. Sillanpää, Arto Pihlajamäki · 2022 · Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
  40. Usage of thermophilic cyanobacterial biomass for bioethanol production
    Sevgi Ertuğrul Karatay · 2014 · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
  41. New approaches in bioremediation of heavy metals from tannery effluent using microorganisms
    K. Lakshmi, G. Jenifer, C. Aishwarya, K. Divya, Jemes Jaya Josephine, Ketut Gede Dharma Putra, P. Malliga · 2021 · Elsevier eBooks
  42. Electrochemical Additive Manufacturing of Living Bioelectrodes Having Intimate Electronic Couplings between Exoelectrogens and Electrodes
    Anwar Elhadad, Seokheun Choi · 2023 · Advanced Engineering Materials
  43. Lignocellulose-derived inhibitors improve lipid extraction from wet Rhodococcus opacus cells
    Kazuhiko Kurosawa, C. Anthony Debono, Anthony J. Sinskey · 2015 · Bioresource Technology
  44. Optimalization of Extraction Conditions for Increasing Microalgal Lipid Yield by Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction Method (ASE) Based on the Orthogonal Array Design
    Lin Rulong, Cai Wenxuan, Xing Bing-peng, Ke Xiurong · 2012 · InTech eBooks
  45. Effects of light on the performance of electricity-producing bacteria in a miniaturized microbial fuel cell array
    Arwa Fraiwan, Daniel J. Hassett, Seokheun Choi · 2014 · Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
  46. Biodiesel
    Wei Du, Rasool Kamal, Zongbao K. Zhao · 2019 · Elsevier eBooks
  47. Crystal ball – 2011
    Wijffels, R.H., Janssen, M.G.J., Barbosa, M.J. · 2011 · Microbial Biotechnology
  48. Future Perspectives on Cost-Effective Microbial Fuel Cells in Rural Areas
    Chintakunta Nagendranatha Reddy, Muthiyal Prabakaran Sudhakar, Booki Min, P. Shanmugam · 2018 · Springer eBooks
  49. Rhodotorula glutinis as a living cell liposome to deliver polypeptide drugs in vivo
    Zhengbin Fei, Shiyu Li, Jiajia Wang, Yuzhe Wang, Zhenyou Jiang, Wenhua Huang, Hanxiao Sun · 2019 · Drug Delivery
  50. Settleable algal-bacterial culture for municipal wastewater treatment
    Yanyan Su · 2012 · Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications)
  51. Use of a marine microbial community as inoculum for biomethane production
    Giovana O. Fistarol, Mario Alejandro Rosato, Fabiano Lopes Thompson, Rogério Valle, Guillermo García-Blairsy Reina, Paulo Sérgio Salomon · 2015 · Environmental Technology
  52. Innovative Biological Solutions to Challenges in Sustainable Biofuels Production
    Xiaohan Yang, Ting Li, David J. Weston, Abhijit Karve, Jessy Labbé, Lee E., Poornima Sukumar, Anne M. Borland, Jin‐Gui Chen, Stan D. et al. · 2011 · InTech eBooks
  53. The role of heterotrophic bacteria in assessing phosphorus stress to Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
    Levi L. Straka, Bruce E. Rittmann · 2017 · Journal of Applied Phycology
  54. Direct Photosynthetic Production of Plastic Building Block Chemicals from CO2
    Xinyu Song, Yunpeng Wang, Jinjin Diao, Shubin Li, Lei Chen, Weiwen Zhang · 2018 · Advances in experimental medicine and biology
  55. Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Grease: Optimization and Comparative Productivity Assessment
    Ji Won Na, Jae-Cheol Lee, Hyun‐Woo Kim · 2019 · KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering
  56. Application of thermophilic temperatures, low hydraulic retention times and high recycling of de-gassed effluent for higher biohydrogen production
    Phumlani Masilela, Anup Pradhan · 2021 · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
  57. Effects of salinity on the growth and lipid production of ten species of microalgae from the Swartkops saltworks : a biodiesel perspective
    Martinus J. Sonnekus · 2010 · Nelson Mandela University Research Repository
  58. RETRACTED: Sugar cane bagasse hydrolysate (SBH) as a lucrative carbon supplement to upgrade the lipid and fatty acid production in Chlorococcum sp. for biodiesel through an optimized binary solvent system
    Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Ashutosh Kumar Sharma, Tharifkhan Shan Ahamed, Kesava Priyan Ramasamy, Amal Abdullah A. Sabour, Maha A. Alshiekheid, T G L Thuy, Thangavel Mathimani · 2023 · Environmental Research · Retracted
  59. Improving the biodiesel production in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana cultivated in nutrient deficiency and sewage water
    Mostafa Mohamed El-Sheekh, Hamdy R. Galal, Amal SH. H. Mousa, Abla A. M. Farghl · 2024 · Environmental Science and Pollution Research
  60. Screening and evaluation of non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacteria for lipid and commercially viable fatty acids
    Thingujam Indrama, Tiwari Onkar Nath, Ojit Singh Keithellakpam, Gunapati Oinam, Avijeet Singh Oinam, Sarabati Kangjam, Bidyababy Thiyam, Indira Devi Wangkhem, Silvia Chungkham, Subhalaxmi Sharma Aribam et al. · 2015 · Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology
  61. Present status and future prospect of genetic and metabolic engineering for biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass
    Rekha Sharma, Ritika Joshi, Dinesh Kumar · 2020 · Elsevier eBooks
  62. Application Niche of Microbial Fuel Cell as a Bio-energy Source for Sustainable Development
    Dipak Ashok Jadhav, Arvind K. Mungray, Abhilasha Singh Mathuriya, Ashvini D. Chendake, K. Gunaseelan, S. Gajalakshmi · 2020 · Springer eBooks
  63. Applications of cyanobacterial compounds in the energy, health, value-added product, and agricultural sectors: A perspective
    Ranjith Kumar Bakku, Randeep Rakwal · 2022 · Elsevier eBooks
  64. Efficiency of methane fermentation of waste microalgae biomass (WMAB) collected in processes of reclamation of eutrophicated water reservoirs
    Marcin Dębowski, Marcin Zieliński, Marta Kisielewska, Miroslaw Krzemieniewski · 2016 · Environmental Earth Sciences
  65. The Role of Microfabrication and Nanotechnology in the Development of Microbial Fuel Cells
    Jhonathan P. Rojas, Muhammad M. Hussain · 2015 · Energy Technology
  66. Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste by Microwave Pretreatment
    Haleh Shahriari · 2011 · uO Research (University of Ottawa)
  67. Bioelectrochemical systems for energy recovery from wastewater
    Ka Yu Cheng · 2009 · Murdoch University Research Portal
  68. The Production of Algal Biodiesel Using Hydrothermal Carbonization and In Situ Transesterification.
    Robert B. Levine · 2013 · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
  69. Dissolvable Probiotic‐Powered Biobatteries: A Safe and Biocompatible Energy Solution for Transient Applications
    Maryam Rezaie, Maedeh Mohammadifar, Seokheun Choi · 2025 · Small
  70. Biomass and Bioenergy: Current State
    Chihe Sun, Ao Xia, Qiang Liao, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Jerry D. Murphy · 2018 · Green energy and technology
  71. Potential of microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment
    Abhilasha Singh Mathuriya, Arminder Kaur, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Soumya Pandit, Dipak Ashok Jadhav · 2020 · Elsevier eBooks
  72. MFCs’ commercialization and economic analysis
    Mostafa Rahimnejad · 2023 · Elsevier eBooks
  73. Generating Electricity Using Microbial Fuel Cell Powered by Benthic Mud Collected From Two Locations in Akure, Nigeria
    Adegunloye D. V, Titilayo Mabel Olotu · 2017 · European Scientific Journal ESJ
  74. Caulobacter crescentus as a novel exoelectricigen in a dual chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC)
    Ajith Madhavan, Megha Prasad, Saron Girish, K Sindhu Shetty, Bipin Gopalakrishnan Nair · 2017 · International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy (TAP Energy)
  75. Analysis of Swamp Microalgal Isolates from South Sumatra as Biofuel Candidates
    Didi Jaya Santri, Hilda Zulkifli, Aldes Lesbani, Hermansyah, Yenny Anwar, Ermayanti Ermayanti, Vita Meylani, Ahmad Fudholi · 2021 · International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics
  76. Nano-watt fueling from a micro-scale microbial fuel cell using black tea waste
    Jhonathan P. Rojas, Wejdan Alqarni, K. Kalantan, Muhammad M. Hussain, Justine E. Mink · 2015 · IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO)
  77. The ecological time-scale violation by industrial society and the chemical challenges for transition to a sustainable global entropy export management
    Johann Michael Köhler · 2013 · Green Processing and Synthesis
  78. Nitrogen Deprivation in Fremyella diplosiphon Augments Lipid Production without Affecting Growth
    Behnam Tabatabai, Afua Adusei, Alok Kumar Shrivastava, Prashant Kumar Singh, Viji Sitther · 2020 · Energies
  79. Research Progress of Biofuel Production by Microalgae
    应美 陈 · 2021 · Hans Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology
  80. Microalgae for sustainable energy: Techno-economic and life cycle insights into biodiesel and biohydrogen production
    Md.Sanowar Hossaina, Md. Shazu Ahamed Anik, Fardin-Al-Rafin, Shah Alam, Abdullah Adnan Abir, Monjur Mourshed, Md.Rasel Ahmed · 2026 · Energy Conversion and Management X
  81. Direct visualization of electrogenic becteria in a microfabricated microbial fuel cell
    Chunhui Dai, Simeng Chen, Arwa Fraiwan, Seokheun Choi · 2013 · Proceedings of IEEE Sensors/Proceedings of IEEE Sensors ...
  82. Mechanistic Insight into the Effect of Polymer and NOM Coatings on Adhesion and Interactions between Nanoparticles and Bacteria
    Zhiqiang Li · 2011 · KiltHub Repository
  83. Enhancing the performance of microbial fuel cells by installing an air pump to the cathode chamber
    Elshaimaa Amer, Essam M. Abdelsalam, Yasser A. Attia, Mahmoud Saleh, Mohamed G. Salah, Abdallah S. Ali, Mohamed Samer, Mohamed A. Moselhy · 2021 · Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
  84. Bioenergy Production: Opportunities for Microorganisms—Part II
    Navodita G. Maurice · 2021 · Clean Energy Production Technologies
  85. Bioelectrochemical extraction of ammonium from low-strength wastewater with concomitant generation of high-purity hydrogen
    Ka Yu Cheng, Anna Henriikka Kaksonen, Ralf Cord‐Ruwisch · 2022 · Environmental Technology
  86. Cyanobacterial biodiversity and their potential application in sustainable agriculture
    Savita Singh, Shivani Singh, Rahul Prasad Singh, Ajay Kumar · 2024 · Elsevier eBooks
  87. Carbon dioxide (CO2) utilizing strain database
    Saini Rashmi, C Majhi Manash, Kapoor Rupam, Kumar Rita, Kumar Anil · 2011 · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
  88. Lipid extraction from the biomass of Trichoderma koningiopsis MX1 produced in a non-stirring culture for potential biodiesel production
    Ma. Remedios Mendoza-López, Daniel Velez-Martínez, Rosalba Argumedo-Delira, Alejandro Alarcón, Oscar García‐Barradas, Gabriela Sánchez‐Viveros, Ronald Ferrera‐Cerrato · 2016 · Environmental Science and Pollution Research
  89. Preparation of upgraded bio‐oil using two‐step catalytic pyrolysis of fresh, putrefied, and microbe‐treated biomass
    Zahid Hussain, Khadim Hussain, Shaharin Anwar Sulaıman, Muhammad Yasin Naz, Khalid Aref Ibrahim, Nasser M. AbdEl‐Salam · 2017 · Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
  90. PRODUCTIVITY, LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME SELECTED CYANOBACTERIAL STRAINS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWTH CONDITIONS
    F. M. Ghazal, Ola Hammouda, Mohamed AbdeL Hameed, Sherif Hassan, Seham Moussa Hamed · 2012 · Egyptian journal of phycology
  91. Microbiome of Grand Canyon Caverns, a dry sulfuric karst cave in Arizona, supports diverse extremo-philic bacterial and archaeal communities
    Ray Keeler, Bradley G. Lusk · 2021 · Journal of Cave and Karst Studies
  92. How to Compute Whether Biomass Fuels Are Carbon Neutral
    Gilbert Ahamer · 2024 · C – Journal of Carbon Research
  93. A simple method to harness DC (direct current) electrical energy generated by bacterial activity
    Yasuhiro Sugimoto, Daisuke Tashima, Yoki Asano · 2011 · Process Safety and Environmental Protection
  94. An assessment of the usefulness of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus subsalsus as a source of biomass for biofuel production
    Bruno Rocha Silva Setta, Elisabete Barbarino, Fabio Barboza Passos, Sergio O. Lourenço · 2014 · Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research
  95. Chemical characterization of fatty acids, alkanes, n-diols and alkyl esters produced by a mixed culture ofTrichoderma koningii and Penicillium janthinellumgrown aerobically on undecanoic acid, potatoe dextrose and their mixture
    Carlos M. Monreal, Amarpreet Chahal, Morris I. Schnitzer, Owen Rowland · 2016 · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B
  96. Thermophilic Microbial Electrochemical Cells
    Bradley G. Lusk · 2015
  97. Avaliação de óleos de cianobactérias como matéria-prima lipídica para síntese de biodiesel pela rota etílica
    Patrícia Caroline Molgero Da Rós · 2012
  98. An Overview of Electro‐Fermentation as a Platform for Future Biorefineries
    Tae Hyun Chung, Bipro Ranjan Dhar · 2021 · Wiley eBooks
  99. Particle size-dependent photobiological hydrogen production in microalgal gel beads
    Yan Wu, Ling-Li Yong, Xu Wang, Shaoyang Liu, Jin-Song Guo, Fang Fang, You-Peng Chen, Peng Yan · 2026 · Chemical Engineering Journal
  100. Converting developing and mature sugarcane carbohydrates into ethanol
    Carlos Rolz, Roberto de León · 2010 · Engineering in Life Sciences