Iron Acquisition by Bacterial Pathogens: Beyond Tris‐Catecholate Complexes
Open accessAbstract
Sequestration of the essential nutrient iron from bacterial invaders that colonize the vertebrate host is a central feature of nutritional immunity and the “fight over transition metals” at the host‐pathogen interface. The iron quota for many bacterial pathogens is large, as iron enzymes often make up a significant share of the metalloproteome. Iron enzymes play critical roles in respiration, energy metabolism, and other cellular processes by catalyzing a wide range of oxidation‐reduction, electron transfer, and oxygen activation reactions. In this Concept article, we discuss recent insights into the diverse ways that bacterial pathogens acquire this essential nutrient, beyond the well‐characterized tris‐catecholate Fe III complexes, in competition and cooperation with significant host efforts to cripple these processes. We also discuss pathogen strategies to adapt their metabolism to less‐than‐optimal iron concentrations, and briefly speculate on what might be an integrated adaptive response to the concurrent limitation of both iron and zinc in the infected host.
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Iron is redox active and very poorly soluble in the oxidized Fe3+ form, which has led to the evolution of high affinity iron-binding siderophores synthesized by many bacteria and fungi.
“Iron is redox active, and very poorly soluble in the oxidized Fe3+ (ferric) form, which has led to the evolution of high affinity iron-binding compounds (siderophores) synthesized by many bacteria and fungi.18,19”
From Metals in Motion: Understanding Labile Metal Pools in Bacteria (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
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- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Sen, S., & Giedroc, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Giedroc, David P.
- Venue
- ChemBioChem
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-04-14
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1955-1967
- ISSN
- 1439-4227 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-7633
- PMC
- PMC7367709
- OpenAlex
- W3011622131
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- ChemBioChem (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R35 GM118157, R01 AI101171)
- Indiana University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Keywords
- iron acquisition, pathogenic bacteria, nutritional immunity, iron-containing enzymes, host-pathogen interaction, iron limitation, zinc limitation, metalloproteome
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Ferric Compounds, Host-Pathogen Interactions
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