Cited by 152Bacterial Genetics and BiotechnologyAntimicrobial Resistance in StaphylococcusTrace Elements in Health

The Metallophore Staphylopine Enables Staphylococcus aureus To Compete with the Host for Zinc and Overcome Nutritional Immunity

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Grim, Kyle P., San Francisco, Brian, Radin, Jana N., Brazel, Erin B., Kelliher, Jessica L., Párraga Solórzano, Paola K., Kim, Philip C., McDevitt, Christopher A. +1 more·2017·mBio

Abstract

During infection, the host sequesters essential nutrients, such as zinc, to combat invading microbes. Despite the ability of the immune effector protein calprotectin to bind zinc with subpicomolar affinity, Staphylococcus aureus is able to successfully compete with the host for zinc. However, the zinc importers expressed by S. aureus remain unknown. Our investigations have revealed that S. aureus possesses two importers, AdcABC and CntABCDF, which are induced in response to zinc limitation. While AdcABC is similar to known zinc importers in other bacteria, CntABCDF has not previously been associated with zinc acquisition. Concurrent loss of the two systems severely impairs the ability of S. aureus to obtain zinc and grow in zinc-limited environments. Further investigations revealed that the Cnt system is responsible for the ability of S. aureus to compete with calprotectin for zinc in culture and contributes to acquisition of zinc during infection. The cnt locus also enables S. aureus to produce the broad-spectrum metallophore staphylopine. Similarly to the Cnt transporter, loss of staphylopine severely impairs the ability of S. aureus to resist host-imposed zinc starvation, both in culture and during infection. Further investigations revealed that together staphylopine and the Cnt importer function analogously to siderophore-based iron acquisition systems in order to facilitate zinc acquisition by S. aureus . Analogous systems are found in a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, suggesting that this new type of zinc importer broadly contributes to the ability of bacteria to cause infection. IMPORTANCE A critical host defense against infection is the restriction of zinc availability. Despite the subpicomolar affinity of the immune effector calprotectin for zinc, Staphylococcus aureus can successfully compete for this essential metal. Here, we describe two zinc importers, AdcABC and CntABCDF, possessed by S. aureus , the latter of which has not previously been associated with zinc acquisition. The ability of S. aureus to compete with the host for zinc is dependent on CntABCDF and the metallophore staphylopine, both in culture and during infection. These results expand the mechanisms utilized by bacteria to obtain zinc, beyond Adc-like systems, and demonstrate that pathogens utilize strategies similar to siderophore-based iron acquisition to obtain other essential metals during infection. The staphylopine synthesis machinery is present in a diverse collection of bacteria, suggesting that this new family of zinc importers broadly contributes to the ability of numerous pathogens to cause infection.

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Authors
Grim, K. P., San Francisco, B., Radin, J. N., Brazel, E. B., Kelliher, J. L., Párraga Solórzano, P. K., Kim, P. C., McDevitt, C. A., & Kehl-Fie, T. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
  • The University of Adelaide (AU)
  • Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Venue
mBio
Published
2017-11-08
Volume
8
Issue
5
ISSN
  • 2150-7511 (ISSN-L)
  • 2161-2129
OpenAlex
W2767136855
Cited by
152
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 9
FWCI
8.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • mBio (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE (Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
  • Institute for Genomic Biology Post Doctoral Fellowship
  • HHS | National Institutes of Health (K22 AI104805, R01 AI118880)
  • Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (1080784, 1122582)
  • Australian Research Council (DP150104515, DP170102102)
  • March of Dimes Foundation
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus, metallophores, zinc uptake, nutritional immunity, calprotectin, zinc starvation, bacterial virulence
MeSH terms
Bacterial Proteins, Imidazoles, Staphylococcal Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Zinc, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Siderophores, Membrane Transport Proteins, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex, Host-Pathogen Interactions

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