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The Impact of CME on Physician Performance and Patient Health Outcomes: An Updated Synthesis of Systematic Reviews
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Since 1977, many systematic reviews have asked 2 fundamental questions: (1) Does CME improve physician performance and patient health outcomes? and (2) What are the mechanisms of action that lead to positive changes in these outcomes? The article's purpose is to synthesize the systematic review literature about CME effectiveness published since 2003. METHODS: We identified 8 systematic reviews of CME effectiveness published since 2003 in which primary research studies in CME were reviewed and physicians' performance and/or patient health outcomes were included as outcome measures. RESULTS: Five systematic reviews addressed the question of "Is CME Effective?" using primary studies employing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or experimental design methods and concluded: (1) CME does improve physician performance and patient health outcomes, and (2) CME has a more reliably positive impact on physician performance than on patient health outcomes. The 8 systematic reviews support previous research showing CME activities that are more interactive, use more methods, involve multiple exposures, are longer, and are focused on outcomes that are considered important by physicians lead to more positive outcomes. DISCUSSION: Future research on CME effectiveness must take account of the wider social, political, and organizational factors that play a role in physician performance and patient health outcomes. We now have 39 systematic reviews that present an evidence-based approach to designing CME that is more likely to improve physician performance and patient health outcomes. These insights from the scientific study of CME effectiveness should be incorporated in ongoing efforts to reform systems of CME and health care delivery.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cervero, R. M., & Gaines, J. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cervero, Ronald M.
- Venue
- Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-138
- ISSN
- 0894-1912 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1811132532
- Cited by
- 515
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Innovations in Medical Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation
- Keywords
- continuing medical education, physician performance, patient outcomes, mechanism of action, interactive learning
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Competence, Education, Medical, Continuing, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Quality of Health Care, Quality Improvement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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