The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Human embryonic stem cell genes OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinoma
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The seminoma class of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) are characterized by a morphological resemblance to primordial germ cells (PGCs) or gonocytes, and chromosome duplications at 12p. Recently, it was determined that human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) express genes in common with PGCs, and that three of these genes, GDF3, STELLAR, and NANOG, are located on 12p. The current study was designed to identify whether expression of these 12p genes were elevated in seminoma relative to normal testis, and to determine whether elevated expression was unique to seminoma. METHODS: Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to assess gene expression in seminoma samples relative to normal testis and endpoint PCR was used to identify the presence or absence of these genes in breast carcinoma. RESULTS: GDF3 expression was increased in eight of nine seminomas compared with normal testis, whereas NANOG, OCT4, or both were expressed at the highest levels in seminoma compared with all other markers analyzed. In addition, the NANOG protein was expressed in the majority of seminoma cells. The adult meiotic germ cell markers BOULE and TEKT1 were undetectable in seminoma, whereas the embryonic and adult germ cell markers DAZL and VASA were significantly reduced. Analysis of these markers in breast carcinoma and the MCF7 breast carcinoma cell line revealed that a core hESC‐transcriptional profile could be identified consisting of OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 and that NANOG protein could be detected in breast carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that seminoma and breast carcinoma express a common stem cell profile and that the expression of DAZL and VASA in seminoma mark the germ cell origin of seminoma that is absent in breast carcinoma. Our findings suggest that stem cell genes may either play a direct role in different types of carcinoma progression or serve as valuable markers of tumorigenesis. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
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Cites
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Functional Expression Cloning of Nanog, a Pluripotency Sustaining Factor in Embryonic Stem Cells
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The Homeoprotein Nanog Is Required for Maintenance of Pluripotency in Mouse Epiblast and ES Cells
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Gene expression patterns in human embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent germ cell tumors
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POU5F1 (OCT3/4) identifies cells with pluripotent potential in human germ cell tumors.
Looijenga, L. H. J., Stoop, H., de Leeuw, H. P. J. C., Brazao, C. A. D. G., Gillis, A., van Roozendaal, K. E. P., van Zoelen, E. J. J., Weber, R. F. A., Wolffenbuttel, K. P., van Dekken, H., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 639
The human VASA gene is specifically expressed in the germ cell lineage
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Cited by
Germ Cell Tumors in the Intersex Gonad: Old Paths, New Directions, Moving Frontiers
Cools, M., Drop, S. L. S., Wolffenbuttel, K. P., Oosterhuis, J. W., & Looijenga, L. H. J. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2006-0005 · Cited by 555
Bourguignon, L. Y. W., Earle, C., Wong, G., Spevak, C. C., & Krueger, K. (2012) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.222 · Cited by 239
Metadata
- Authors
- Ezeh, U. I., Turek, P. J., Reijo, R. A., & Clark, A. T.
- Venue
- Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-10-14
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2255-2265
- ISSN
- 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0142
- OpenAlex
- W2040511639
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 22
- FWCI
- 13.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Ezeh, U. I., Turek, P. J., Reijo, R. A., & Clark, A. T. (2005). Human embryonic stem cell genes OCT4, NANOG, STELLAR, and GDF3 are expressed in both seminoma and breast carcinoma. Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21432
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