Continued increasing incidence of malignant appendiceal tumors in Canada and the United States: A population-based study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, there are limited data regarding the epidemiology of malignant appendiceal tumors. It remains unknown whether the previously reported trends are occurring in different countries and/or continuing in recent years and/or whether they are possibly due to increasing rates of appendectomies. In the current study, the authors investigated the patterns and time trends of malignant appendiceal tumor diagnosis by age group, sex, stage of disease, and histology in Canada and the United States and concomitant rates of appendectomies in Canada. METHODS: The Canadian Cancer Registry and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence databases were used to identify incident patients of malignant appendiceal tumors in the 2 countries between 1992 and 2016. The Canadian national hospitals Discharge Abstract Database was used to identify appendectomies performed between 2004 and 2015. Joinpoint regression analyses were performed to determine time trends. RESULTS: There was an overall increase in the incidence of malignant appendiceal tumors of 232% in the United States and 292% in Canada between 2000 and 2016. The increase was noted for malignant adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine appendiceal tumors in both countries. The increase occurred across all age groups, sexes, and stages of disease. The highest rate of increase was noted for appendiceal neuroendocrine malignant tumors diagnosed among the youngest age groups. The rate of appendectomies was stable in the recent time periods, resulting in a decreasing rate of appendectomies per malignant appendiceal tumor diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of malignant appendiceal tumor is continuing to increase, which is not likely due to the increasing diagnosis of asymptomatic tumors at the time of appendectomies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Appendiceal cancer has risen markedly in North America, with an estimated 232% increase in malignant appendiceal tumors in the United States between 2000 and 2016.
“Recent population-based analyses show that appendiceal cancer—though rare—has risen markedly in North America, with an estimated 232% increase in malignant appendiceal tumors in the United States between 2000 and 2016 and parallel rises across histologies and age groups [20].”
From Selective Appendectomy in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Surgery for Endometriosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
International Agency for Research on Cancer
National Cancer Institute (2020) · Definitions · doi:10.32388/pfg7jq · Cited by 9,493 · see citing works
Canadian Institute for Health Information.
Lalonde, A. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 4,730 · see citing works
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Baine, W. B. (2006) · Italian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2427/5924 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Smith-Bindman, R., Miglioretti, D. L., Johnson, E., Lee, C., Feigelson, H. S., Flynn, M., Greenlee, R. T., Kruger, R. L., Hornbrook, M. C., Roblin, D., et al. (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5960 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Antibiotic Therapy vs Appendectomy for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis
Salminen, P. T. P., Paajanen, H., Rautio, T., Nordström, P., Aarnio, M., Rantanen, T. K., Tuominen, R. J., Hurme, S. A. M., Virtanen, J. M., Mecklin, J., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.6154 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Vons, C., Barry, C., Maître, S., Pautrat, K., Leconte, M., Costaglioli, B., Karoui, M., Alvès, A., Dousset, B. E., Valleur, P. D., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60410-8 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Epidemiology and Mechanisms of the Increasing Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in Young Adults
Stoffel, E. M., & Murphy, C. C. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.055 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
Primary malignant neoplasms of the appendix
McCusker, M. E., Coté, T. R., Clegg, L. X., et al. (2002) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.10589 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Hansson, J., Körner, U., Khorram‐Manesh, A., et al. (2009) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.6482 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Salminen, P. T. P., Tuominen, R. J., Paajanen, H., et al. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.13201 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
The Rise in Appendiceal Cancer Incidence: 2000–2009
Marmor, S., Portschy, P. R., Tuttle, T. M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-014-2726-7 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Asare, E. A., Compton, C. C., Hanna, N. N., et al. (2015) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29744 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Cusker, M. E., Coté, T. R., Clegg, L. X., et al. (2002) · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Benedix, F., Reimer, A., Gastinger, I., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2010.05.025 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Most Frequent Operating Room Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2012
Fingar, K. R., Stocks, C., Weiss, A. J., et al. (2014) · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Improving the AJCC/TNM Staging for Adenocarcinomas of the Appendix
Overman, M. J., Fournier, K. F., Hu, C., et al. (2012) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e318269d680 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Cohn, S. M. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429316944-18 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Analysis of 900 Appendiceal Carcinoid Tumors for a Proposed Predictive Staging System
Landry, C. S. (2008) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.143.7.664 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The incidence of mucinous appendiceal malignancies: a population-based study
van den Heuvel, M. G. W., Lemmens, V. E. P. P., Verhoeven, R. H. A., & de Hingh, I. H. J. T. (2013) · International Journal of Colorectal Disease · doi:10.1007/s00384-013-1714-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Goblet Cell Carcinoid/Carcinoma: An Update
Zhang, K., Meyerson, C., Kassardjian, A., et al. (2018) · Advances in Anatomic Pathology · doi:10.1097/pap.0000000000000222 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Khan, M. N., & Moran, B. J. (2007) · Diseases of the Colon & Rectum · doi:10.1007/s10350-007-9033-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lu, P. W., McCarty, J. C., Fields, A. C., et al. (2019) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.25608 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lohsiriwat, V., Vongjirad, A., & Lohsiriwat, D. (2009) · World Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1186/1477-7819-7-51 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Kunduz, E., Bektaşoğlu, H. K., Ünver, N., et al. (2018) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.908032 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Improved survival after retrieval of 12 or more regional lymph nodes in appendiceal cancer
Fleischmann, I., Warschkow, R., Beutner, U., Marti, L., Schmied, B. M., & Steffen, T. (2017) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2017.06.015 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Crea, N., Pata, G., Betta, E. D., et al. (2010) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0112-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Schaeybroeck, S. V., Lawler, M., Johnston, B. T., Salto‐Tellez, M., Lee, J., Loughlin, P., Wilson, R. H., & Johnston, P. G. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-2865-7.00077-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Birth cohort effects in appendiceal adenocarcinoma incidence across the United States
Holowatyj, A. N., Washington, M. K., Goldberg, R. M., & Murphy, C. C. (2025) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-24-02479 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nezhat, C., Najmi, Z., Mirzaie, M., Harding, Q., Pennington, Z., Amirlatifi, N., Khaloghli, R., Zarroug, D., & Sokol, E. R. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14207277 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Recent population-based analyses show that appendiceal cancer—though rare—has risen markedly in North America, with an estimated 232% increase in malignant ap-pendiceal tumors in the United States between 2000 and 2016 and parallel rises across histologies and age groups [20].”
- Authors
- Singh, H., Koomson, A. S., Decker, K. M., Park, J., & Demers, A. A.
- Affiliations
- CancerCare Manitoba (CA)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Public Health Agency of Canada (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Singh, Harminder
- Venue
- Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-02-26
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2206-2216
- ISSN
- 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0142
- OpenAlex
- W3008636084
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 8.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Intraperitoneal and Appendiceal Malignancies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Appendicitis Diagnosis and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- appendiceal adenocarcinoma, appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors, incidence trends, appendectomy, Canada, United States
- MeSH terms
- Adenocarcinoma, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Appendectomy, Appendiceal Neoplasms, Canada, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, United States, Incidence, Age Distribution, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
