The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Global trends in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma incidence from 1993 to 2012
Open accessAbstract
Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECCs) are highly lethal bile duct tumors. Their incidence can be difficult to estimate because of changes in cancer coding over time. No studies to date have examined their global incidence and trends with high‐quality topography‐ and histology‐specific cancer registry data. Therefore, this study examined ICC and ECC incidence with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database. Methods: Regional and national cancer registry data were used to estimate age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person‐years, 95% confidence intervals, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for ICC in 38 countries and for ECC in 33 countries from 1993 to 2012. ICC and ECC trends were tabulated and plotted by country. Rates versus birth cohort by age were plotted, and an age‐period‐cohort analysis was performed to assess age and cohort incidence rate ratios. Results: The highest rates of ICC and ECC were in Asia, specifically South Korea (ASR for ICC, 2.80; ASR for ECC, 2.24), Thailand (ASR for ICC, 2.19; ASR for ECC, 0.71), and Japan (ASR for ICC, 0.95; ASR for ECC, 0.83). Between 1993 and 2012, incidence rates of both ICC and ECC increased in most countries. The largest ASR increases over the study period occurred in Latvia (AAPC, 20.1%) and China (AAPC, 11.1%) for ICC and in Thailand (AAPC, 8.8%) and Colombia (AAPC, 8.5%) for ECC. Conclusions: In the 20 years examined, ICC and ECC incidence increased in the majority of countries worldwide. ICC and ECC incidence may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors. Efforts to further elucidate risk factors contributing to these increases in incidence are warranted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Likewise, incidence rates in formerly low-risk countries, most countries across Europe, North America, Australia/New Zealand, and South America have increased or stabilized at a higher level in recent years, 125,128 possibly in part because of increasing prevalence of metabolic risk factors, such as excess body weight, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcohol consumption.”
From Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. (2024) · cites this paper as [128]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology
Trott, P. A. (1977) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.30.8.782-c · Cited by 1,688
Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Cholangiocarcinoma
Ilyas, S. I., & Gores, G. J. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.10.013 · Cited by 1,331
Nakeeb, A., Pitt, H. A., Riall, T. S., Coleman, J., Abrams, R. A., Piantadosi, S., Hruban, R. H., Lillemoe, K. D., Yeo, C. J., & Cameron, J. L. (1996) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199610000-00005 · Cited by 1,207
Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma
Tyson, G. L., & El‐Serag, H. B. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24351 · Cited by 967
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An expanded review
Benedict, M., & Zhang, X. (2017) · World Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.4254/wjh.v9.i16.715 · Cited by 788
Forty-Year Trends in Cholangiocarcinoma Incidence in the U.S.: Intrahepatic Disease on the Rise
Saha, S. K., Zhu, A. X., Fuchs, C. S., & Brooks, G. A. (2016) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0446 · Cited by 787
Global trends in mortality from intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Bertuccio, P., Malvezzi, M., Carioli, G., Hashim, D., Boffetta, P., El‐Serag, H. B., Vecchia, C. L., & Negri, E. (2019) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.013 · Cited by 661
Bray, F., & Parkin, D. M. (2008) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.11.032 · Cited by 634
Self-citationRisk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: A case-control study
Shaib, Y. H., El‐Serag, H. B., Davila, J. A., Morgan, R. O., & McGlynn, K. A. (2005) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.12.048 · Cited by 545
Self-citationEvaluation of data quality in the cancer registry: Principles and methods Part II. Completeness
Parkin, D. M., & Bray, F. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.11.033 · Cited by 536
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Fritz A, 2000, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD‐O)
- Ferlay J, 2018, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, CI5plus: IARC CancerBase No. 9
- World Health Organization, 1985, International Classification for Diseases
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–307 of 307
Endobiliary Radiofrequency Ablation in Cholangiocarcinoma: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Aburumman, R., Faisal, M. S., & Singla, S. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15155781
Qin, D.-L., Tang, Y., Li, Z.-L., Zhou, X.-L., Chen, J.-L., & Tang, Z.-H. (2026) · Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international · doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2026.08.004
He, M., Pan, Y.-X., Wu, T.-Q., Zheng, Z.-K., Zhang, Y.-H., Chen, J.-B., Hu, D.-D., Xu, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, M.-S., et al. (2026) · Hepatobiliary & pancreatic diseases international · doi:10.1016/j.hbpd.2026.08.002
Miu, Y., Zhang, C., Niu, Y., Wang, P., & Nie, Z. (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000046834
Surgery of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas: Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Tsilimigras, D. I., & Pawlik, T. M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28601-7_5
Castro, A. M., Porras, A., Díaz-Soriano, D., & Rico, A. (2025) · Revista colombiana de radiología · doi:10.53903/01212095.400
Metadata
- Authors
- Florio, A. A., Ferlay, J., Znaor, A., Ruggieri, D., Alvarez, C. S., Laversanne, M., Bray, F., McGlynn, K. A., & Petrick, J. L.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- Information Management Services (US)
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Bethesda Maryland
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Petrick, Jessica L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-03-04
- Volume
- 126
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2666-2678
- ISSN
- 0008-543X (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0142
- PMC
- PMC7323858
- OpenAlex
- W3009424821
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 14
- FWCI
- 35.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments
- Keywords
- intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, cancer incidence trends, age-standardized incidence rate, global cancer incidence, age-period-cohort analysis, birth cohort effects, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bile Duct Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Incidence, Cholangiocarcinoma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
