Intrinsic capacity and survival among older adults with gastrointestinal malignancies: The Cancer and Aging Resilience Evaluation registry

Abstract

Background: Intrinsic capacity (IC) was introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a marker of healthy aging, and is defined as the combination of an individual’s physical, mental, and psychological capacities. This study aimed to assess IC via a patient‐reported geriatric assessment (GA) and evaluate its association with survival among older adults with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Methods: Data were used from a single‐institution prospective registry of older adults undergoing GA before cancer therapy. Key domains of IC (vitality, locomotion, and sensory [hearing and visual], psychological, and cognitive capacities) were captured via GA, and each was given a score of 0 or 1 (0, impaired) to compute the total IC score (range, 0–6, where 6 indicates no impairment and ≤5 indicates impairment in ≥1 domains). A frailty index (FI) was measured via the deficit accumulation method. Cox regression models and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to examine the impact of IC impairment on survival. Results: The study included 665 patients; the median age was 68 years, 57.4% were men, and 72.9% were White. The median IC score was 4, and 79.3% of participants showed impairment in ≥1 domains of IC. Most commonly impaired domains were locomotion (48.7%) and vitality (43.9%). IC was inversely associated with FI (Spearman coefficient, −0.75; p < .001). IC impairment was associated with inferior overall survival (score, 4–5: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.7; 95% CI, 1.11–2.48; score, 2–3: aHR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.30–2.85; score, 0–1: aHR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.11–2.48). Conclusions: IC impairment is associated with frailty and reduced overall survival in older patients with GI malignancies. GA can be used to screen for IC impairment as recommended by the WHO. Plain Language Summary: The World Health Organization introduced intrinsic capacity as a marker of healthy aging. Intrinsic capacity is the combination of an individual’s physical, mental, and psychological capacities. It contains six key domains: vitality, locomotion, and sensory (hearing and visual), psychological, and cognitive capacities. Older adults with cancer are susceptible to a decrease in intrinsic capacity as a result of cancer and the aging process. In this study, we aimed to assess the intrinsic capacity for patients with gastrointestinal cancer and also identify whether there exists any association of intrinsic capacity with overall survival. We identified that approximately 80% of this population had one or more impaired domains, and more intrinsic capacity impairment was associated with reduced overall survival.