The effects of an enriched environment on the histology of the rat cerebral cortex

Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry and anatomy: A replication and extension.

Rosenzweig, M. R., Krech, D., Bennett, E. L., & Diamond, M. C. (1962) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0041137 · Cited by 505

Connections of the cerebral cortex. I. The albino rat. B. Structure of the cortical areas

Krieg, W. J. S. (1946) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900840302 · Cited by 442

Postnatal development of the cerebral cortex in the rat.

Eayrs, J. T., & Goodhead, B. (1959) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 375

Connections of the cerebral cortex

Krieg, W. J. S. (1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 339

Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry.

Krech, D., Rosenzweig, M. R., & Bennett, E. L. (1960) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0045402 · Cited by 299

A Nissl Method Using Buffered Solutions of Thionin

Windle, W. F., Rhines, R., & Rankin, J. (1943) · Stain Technology · doi:10.3109/10520294309105794 · Cited by 134

The relative vascularity of various parts of the central and peripheral nervous system of the cat and its relation to function

Dunning, H. S., & Wolff, H. G. (1937) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900670305 · Cited by 124

Activity of Acetylcholine System in Cerebral Cortex of Various Unanesthetized Mammals

Tower, D. B., & Elliott, K. A. C. (1952) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1952.168.3.747 · Cited by 100

Connections of the Cerebral Cortex.

Mettler, F. A. (1964) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1964.00460180103012 · Cited by 72

The vascularity of the cerebral cortex of the albino rat

Craigie, E. H. (1921) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900330302 · Cited by 69

Vygotsky and Informal Science Learning

Murphy, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05244-6_8 · Cited by 1

EONS

Liaw, J., Shu, Y., Ghaffari, T., Xie, X., & Berger, T. W. (2001) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012059781-9/50006-7 · Cited by 1

Precision timing requirements suggest wider brain connections, not more restricted ones

Calvin, W. H. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018410 · Cited by 1

Can parcellation account for the evolution of behavioral plasticity associated with large brains?

Demski, L. S. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018446 · Cited by 1

Hippocampus: A Memorable Lesson to be Learnt

Shanbhag, N. C. (2008) · Electronic journal of biology · Cited by 1

Effects of semi-natural environmental conditions on phenotypic plasticity in Rattus norvegicus

Margerum, L. A. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1

�nderungen des Aktivit�tsmusters der Vorderhornneurone der Albinoratte nach antidromer Langzeitreizung

Zimmermann, P., Wolff, H., & Klu�mann, F. W. (1973) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00307390 · Cited by 1

Environmental Enrichment Improves Sociability in BTBR Mice, a Rodent Model for Autism

Diamond, B. A. (2019) · Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University) · Cited by 1

Developmental approaches to the memory process

Markham, J. A., Black, J., & Greenough, W. T. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012372540-0/50003-0 · Cited by 1

Spinal cord stimulation

Illis, L. S. (2016) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sc.2016.81 · Cited by 1

Unifying consciousness theories with MaxCon: maximizing configurations of the brain webPreprint

Velázquez, J. L. P., Mateos, D. M., Wennberg, R. A., & Erra, R. G. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/af4n5 · Cited by 1

The neural cruelty of captivity: Keeping large mammals in zoos and aquariums damages their brains

Jacobs, B. (2020) · The Conversation · doi:10.64628/aai.uvdyd4ssv · Cited by 1

Neurotrophic Theory of Accelerated Temporal Cortex Maturation in the Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism

Hung, J. (2014) · Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) · doi:10.5072/prism/27087

From Neurophysiology to Neuroscience: New Technologies and New Concepts in the Twentieth Century

Clarac, F. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_1

Avaliação morfológica e morfométrica dos efeitos da estimulação tátil neonatal sobre o nervo óptico de ratos Wistar hígidos ou submetidos a uma dieta deficiente em ferro no período pós-natal precoce

Barbosa, E. H. (2013) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.59.2013.tde-29112013-193525

Untersuchungen zur zeitlichen Dynamik der übungsabhängigen strukturellen Plastizität des Gehirns

Driemeyer, J. (2011)

Experience, structural plasticity and neurogenesis

Peters, J. D., & Gould, E. (2005) · Techniques in the behavioral and neural sciences · doi:10.1016/s0921-0709(05)80037-9

Zelluläre Neogenese im adulten murinen cerebralen Cortex

Ehninger, D.-A. (2003) · edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin) · doi:10.18452/14989

A Glial Role in the Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy

Wennström, M. (2006) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)

Possible Indications of Noradrenergic Involvement in Behavioral Plasticity

Archer, T. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9610-0_42

Clinical and Neurobiological Aspects of Stroke Recovery

Volpe, B. T., & Ratan, R. R. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088592-3/50025-6

Effects of Hippocampal Inactivation on the Performance of a Three-Dimensional Object Discrimination Task by Environmentally Enriched Rats

Jones, C. T. (1989) · OpenSIUC (Southern Illinois University Carbondale)

Assessing cognitive function in animal models of mental retardation

Strupp, B. J., & Diamond, A. D. (1996) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2779(1996)2:4 · Cited by 12

The wizardry of OZ (why the machine is really a ghost)

Rusovick, R. (1996) · World Futures · doi:10.1080/02604027.1996.9972596

Cortical electrical stimulation combined with motor rehabilitation following unilateral cortical lesions: effects on behavioral performance and brain plasticity

Adkins, D. L. (2005) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)

Symptom-specific neurorehabilitation: sensory and motor dysfunctions

Selzer, M. E., Clarke, S., Cohen, L. G., Kwakkel, G., & Miller, R. H. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511995590.028

Post-Ischemic Housing Conditions Influence On Gene Transcription And Translation After Permanent Focal Brain Ischemia In Rats

Zhao, L. (2004) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)

Parcellation: A hard theory to test

Clarke, P. G. H. (1984) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00018434

Exeunt Omnes: Everyone Leaves

Cohen, G. D. (2001) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200108000-00001

Use it and boost it: Cognitive and physical activities modulate cognition via BDNF-TrkB signaling

Scavuzzo, C. J. (2014) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)

THE ANATOMICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL CORRELATES OF EXPERIENCE

Comeau, W. L. (2007) · Open ULeth Scholarship (OPUS) (University of Lethbridge)

Estudio de la expresión de glicanos y glicosiltransferasas en el cerebro de ratas expuestas a paradigmas de aprendizaje

Burgos, V. L. (2011) · Repositorio Digital Institucional de la Universidad de Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires)

Neurodevelopmental Factors in the 'Cycle of Violence'

Perry, B. D. (2005)

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BÁSICAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM NEUROCIÊNCIAS

Pereira, L. O., & Silva, P. (2007)

Global action against dementia: Emerging of a new era

Dajue, W. (2016) · Translational Neuroscience and Clinics · doi:10.18679/cn11-6030/r.2016.023

Enhancing visual cortical plasticity in mice by enriching their environment: a combined imaging and behavioural study

Kalogeraki, E. (2017) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6103

Salutogenic design in the higher education built environment

Cullen, K. R. (2016)

Apical Dendritic Spines of the Visual Cortex and Light Deprivation in the Mouse

December, R. (1967)

Doubling the rate of neurologic development in Down syndrome: a pilot study.

Baggot, P. J., & Baggot, R. M. (2016) · PubMed

Neglected but Exciting Concepts in Developmental and Neurobiological Psychology

Jordan, E. M., & Thomas, D. (2017) · Psychology Learning & Teaching · doi:10.1177/1475725717700983 · Cited by 1

Serious Frivolity: Exploring Play in UK Secondary Mathematics Classrooms

Lake, E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49232-2_7

Neurogênese e plasticidade sináptica no Hipocampo de ratos submetidos à separação materna e enriquecimento ambiental

Merlo, S. (2017) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2017.tde-17012015-134343

Estudo estrutural e quantitativo do nervo óptico de ratos Wistar com anemia ferropriva submetidos à estimulação tátil e recuperados nutricionalmente

de Souza, A. S. (2016) · doi:10.11606/d.59.2016.tde-25122015-230342

Environmentally enriched pigs have transcriptional profiles consistent with neuroprotective effects and reduced microglial activityPreprint

Brown, S., Bush, S. J., SUMMERS, K. M., Hume, D., & Lawrence, A. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/262469

Early life rearing of stressed animals in complex housing environment drives stress resilience in physiology, behavior and brain plasticity during adulthood

Nagarajan, A. H. (2018) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/75560

Lebensbedingungen haben einen starken Einfluss auf die Plastizität des Gehirns

Löwel, S., Kalogeraki, E., Dehmel, S., & Makowiecki, K. (2017) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1515/nf-2017-0050

Hallucination Proneness and Musical Aptitude: Functional and Microstructural Underpinnings

Spray, A. (2019) · University of Liverpool · doi:10.17638/03046380

Spinal cord stimulation

Illis, L. S., & Sedgwick, E. M. (1984) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-407-00308-8.50041-0

Neurological Effects of Prenatal and Infant Stimulation and a Comparison of Suzuki and Kindermusik Early Childhood Music Programs

Rundell, C. L. (2012) · Minds at UW (University of Wisconsin)

The Female Impact in the World of Neurodegeneration

Osorio, C. G., Guduru, P., & Osier, N. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2021.750603

A Comparison of Macaque Hair Hormone Concentration Following Enhanced Cognitive Experiences or Standard Nonhuman Primate Environmental EnrichmentPreprint

Meidam, B. J., Meredith, E. K., Kapoor, A., Bennett, A. J., & Pierre, P. J. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.12.01.470773

Sensorische Integration und Beschäftigung

Parham, D. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-33064-6_17

References

(2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012092871-2/50015-2

Stress

Yuwiler, A. (1971) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7175-9_4

Mark R. Rosenzweig

(2006) · The History of neuroscience in autobiography · doi:10.1016/s1874-6055(06)80037-x

Global Action against Dementia: Emerging of a New Era

Wang, D. (2016) · Translational Neuroscience and Clinics · doi:10.18679/cn11-6030_r.2016.023

Enriched gardens improve cognition and independence of nursing home residents with dementia: a controlled trialPreprint

Bourdon, E., & Belmin, J. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-298311/v1

References

(1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-208750-9.50013-2

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation?

Bernhardt, J. A. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.733704137.793550246

GOALS

(2014) · Apple Academic Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17103-5

Effects of environmental enrichment on recovery from addiction: no disease, no chronic and no relapse

(2022) · Revista Española de Drogodependencias · doi:10.54108/10010

Experience shapes initial exploration for non-generalizable spatial learningPreprint

Awh, M. P., Latimer, K. W., Zhou, N., Leveroni, Z. M., Stephens, Z. M., & Yu, J. Y. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.26.573368

Brain Plasticity

Bortfeld, H., & Bunge, S. A. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108595827.006

Neuroplasticity – historical and contemporary perspective from a philosophical, psychological, biological, and clinical perspective

Bagrowski, B. (2023) · Acta Medicorum Polonorum · doi:10.20883/amp.2023/10

Effect of Forced Swimming on the Performance of the “Water Escape Test”

Tur, M. А., & Владимировна, Б. И. (2024) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093024040318

Social, Historical and Anthropological Aspects of Research on the Brain and Mental Health in Ageing

Stambler, I., Kobzevaite, M., Oh, J., & Kistkins, S. (2024) · Healthy ageing and longevity · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68513-2_2

Effect of forced swimming on the performance of the "water escape test"

Tur, M. А., & Владимировна, Б. И. (2024) · Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова · doi:10.31857/s0869813924080058

The influence of social isolation and enriched environment on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, pain sensitivity, and behavior in rats after exposure to an ulcerogenic stressor

Yaruskina, N. I., Zenko, M. Y., Morozova, O., Komkova, O. P., Baranova, K. A., Zhuikova, S. E., Rybnikova, E. A., & Filaretova, L. P. (2024) · Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова · doi:10.31857/s0869813924090162

On Development, and Nature, Nurture, and Culture Relations

Taguchi, H. L., & Bodén, L. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-75150-9_2

Mamalia besar yang dikurung di kebun binatang dan akuarium mengalami kerusakan otak

Jacobs, B. (2020) · The Conversation · doi:10.64628/aan.y454qmac7

Additional file 1 of Enriched gardens improve cognition and independence of nursing home residents with dementia: a pilot controlled trial

Bourdon, E., & Belmin, J. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14795068

Are Art-based Technologies the Next Innovation in Health- and Aged-Care?

Veil, K. D., Sharron, T., & Poole, G. (2025) · Health Informatics and Knowledge Management Conference (HIKM) · doi:10.1145/3774816.3774833

Approche physiologiques et pharmacologiques dans un modèle murin de la sclérose latérale amytrophique

Gerber, Y. N. (2011) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4234ace7z72a4z4873z9ec5zc82a77a8cce9

Modulation de la plasticité hippocampique par l’enrichissement de l’environnement : rôle des lymphocytes T

Zarif, H. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/100c0a4dzccb0z474cz8e5cze96f6d9cfe67

Altérations anatomo-fonctionnelles des interneurones à parvalbumine dans un modèle murin de la maladie d'Alzheimer

Cattaud, V. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ab9d6bfaz7490z4ae6zb7f3z525493f6bba4

Effets d'une exposition chronique à la musique sur le vieillissement chez le rat Wistar

Rizzolo, L. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b4e3a0b2z946ez4fbdz9e46zb94e136f5df6

Computational diagnosis of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome through cognitive and dialogical investigations

Trognon, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a61baf2dz0493z4668z80b0za8538881eb16 · Cited by 1

Influence of environmental enrichment on rodents’ brains: neurochemical and neuroanatomical aspects

Domínguez-Oliva, A., Hernández-Ávalos, I., Bueno-Nava, A., Chávez, C., Verduzco-Mendoza, A., Villanueva‐García, D., Ávila-Luna, A., Olmos-Hernández, A. S., Martı́nez-Burnes, J., Gálvez-Rosas, A., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1767287

Short-term environmental enrichment modulates brain region-specific redox responses in adolescent female mice

Fernandes, M. S. D. S., Kanashiro, A., Ramos, T. L., Pereira, D. D., de Souza, V. L., Lagranha, C. J., TÜFEKÇİ, S., Yagin, B., Alkhamees, N. H., & Souto, F. O. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1889960

Neuroplasticity under constraint: From sensory ecology to neuroinflammation

Diniz, D. G., Bento-Torres, N. V. O., Bento‐Torres, J., Jardim, N. Y. V., Sosthenes, M. C. K., Krejčová, L. V., dos Santos, Z. A., de Sousa, A. A., da Costa, E. R., Pereira, P. D. C., et al. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2026.100199

Efeitos da desnutrição proteica pós-natal no funcionamento do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal em ratos submetidos ao enriquecimento ambiental

Soares, R. D. O. (2013) · doi:10.11606/t.59.2013.tde-13112013-094352

Untitled work

Giedd (1996) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960304)366:2

Untitled work

(1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19971006)386:4

Effects of environmental enrichment and impoverishment on rat cerebral cortex

Diamond, M. C., Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., Lindner, B., & Lyon, L. (1972) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.480030105 · Cited by 214

Cerebral changes in rats exposed individually to an enriched environment.

Rosenzweig, M. R., & Bennett, E. L. (1972) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0032978 · Cited by 157

Rat Brain: Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Wet and Dry Weights

Bennett, E. L., Rosenzweig, M. R., & Diamond, M. C. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.163.3869.825 · Cited by 192

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT AMD IMPOVERISHMENT ON RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX

Diamond, M. C., Rosenzweig, M. R., Bennett, E. L., Lindner, B., & Lyon, L. (1972) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)

Rat cortical morphology following crowded-enriched living conditions

Diamond, M. C., Greer, E. R., York, A., Lewis, D. A., Barton, T., & Lin, J. W. (1987) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(87)90042-2 · Cited by 35