Memory: Anatomical Organization of Candidate Brain Regions

Abstract

The sections in this article are: 1 Relationship Between Association Cortices and Medial Temporal Lobe 2 Anatomy of Hippocampal Formation 2.1 Species Differences 2.2 Nomenclature 2.3 Subdivisions 2.4 Intrinsic Circuitry 2.5 Hippocampal Topography 2.6 Extrinsic Connections 2.6.1 Subcortical Connections 2.6.2 Commissural Connections 2.6.3 Cortical Projections 2.6.4 Summary 2.7 Immunohistochemical Studies of Neuroactive Substances 2.7.1 Peptides 2.7.2 Other Neuroactive Substances 3 Anatomy of Mamillary Complex 3.1 Intrinsic Organization 3.1.1 Medial Mamillary Nucleus 3.1.2 Lateral Mamillary Nucleus 3.1.3 Associated Nuclei 3.2 Afferents 3.3 Efferents 3.4 Connections of Associated Nuclei 4 Anatomy of Amygdaloid Complex 4.1 Nomenclature and Subdivisions 4.2 Intrinsic Circuitry 4.3 Extrinsic Connections 4.3.1 Brain Stem 4.3.2 Hypothalamus 4.3.3 Thalamus 4.3.4 Basal Forebrain 4.3.5 Striatum 4.3.6 Hippocampal Formation 4.3.7 Cortex 4.4 Neuroactive Substances 4.4.1 Amino Acids 4.4.2 Peptides 5 Comparison of Organization of Amygdaloid Complex and Hippocampal Formation 6 Anatomy of Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus 6.1 Intrinsic Organization 6.2 Cortical Connections 6.3 Subcortical Connections 7 Neuropathology of Memory-Related Structures in Alzheimer's Disease 7.1 Hippocampal Formation 7.2 Amygdaloid Complex 7.3 Mamillary Complex and Mediodorsal Thalamus 7.4 Loss of Neuroactive Substances in Alzheimer-Affected Hippocampal Formation 8 Temporal Stem Hypothesis Revisited 9 Are There Additional Candidate Structures?