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Cited by 55Psychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and AssessmentAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Common measures or common metrics? A plea to harmonize measurement results

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de Beurs, Edwin, Boehnke, Jan R., Fried, Eiko I.·2022·Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
DOI 10.1002/cpp.2742PMC PMC9796399
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Abstract

Objective: There is a great variety of measurement instruments to assess similar constructs in clinical research and practice. This complicates the interpretation of test results and hampers the implementation of measurement‐based care. Method: For reporting and discussing test results with patients, we suggest converting test results into universally applicable common metrics. Two well‐established metrics are reviewed: T scores and percentile ranks. Their calculation is explained, their merits and drawbacks are discussed, and recommendations for the most convenient reference group are provided. Results: We propose to express test results as T scores with the general population as reference group. To elucidate test results to patients, T scores may be supplemented with percentile ranks, based on data from a clinical sample. The practical benefits are demonstrated using the published data of four frequently used instruments for measuring depression: the CES‐D, PHQ‐9, BDI‐II and the PROMIS depression measure. Discussion: Recent initiatives have proposed to mandate a limited set of outcome measures to harmonize clinical measurement. However, the selected instruments are not without flaws and, potentially, this directive may hamper future instrument development. We recommend using common metrics as an alternative approach to harmonize test results in clinical practice, as this will facilitate the integration of measures in day‐to‐day practice.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
de Beurs, E., Boehnke, J. R., & Fried, E. I.
Affiliations
  • Department of Clinical Psychology Leiden University &amp; Arkin GGZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
  • University of Dundee (GB)
  • Leiden University (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-06-19
Volume
29
Issue
5
Pages
1755-1767
ISSN
  • 1063-3995 (ISSN-L)
  • 1099-0879
DOI
10.1002/cpp.2742
PMC
PMC9796399
OpenAlex
W4223921457
Cited by
55
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4
FWCI
5.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
  • PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
common metric, T-score, percentile ranks, measurement-based care, depression assessment, outcome measure standardization, CES-D, PHQ-9, Beck Depression Inventory-II, reference groups
MeSH terms
Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Benchmarking

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