Tumor Drug Penetration Measurements Could Be the Neglected Piece of the Personalized Cancer Treatment Puzzle
Open accessAbstract
Precision medicine aims to use patient genomic, epigenomic, specific drug dose, and other data to define disease patterns that may potentially lead to an improved treatment outcome. Personalized dosing regimens based on tumor drug penetration can play a critical role in this approach. State-of-the-art techniques to measure tumor drug penetration focus on systemic exposure, tissue penetration, cellular or molecular engagement, and expression of pharmacological activity. Using in silico methods, this information can be integrated to bridge the gap between the therapeutic regimen and the pharmacological link with clinical outcome. These methodologies are described, and challenges ahead are discussed. Supported by many examples, this review shows how the combination of these techniques provides enhanced patient-specific information on drug accessibility at the tumor tissue level, target binding, and downstream pharmacology. Our vision of how to apply tumor drug penetration measurements offers a roadmap for the clinical implementation of precision dosing.
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Multiple physiological barriers of the tumor microenvironment-dense extracellular matrix, cellular heterogeneity, hypoxic gradients, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure-hinder uniform distribution and accumulation of therapeutics, reducing treatment efficacy.
“Drug delivery to solid tumors is challenged by multiple physiological barriers arising from the tumor microenvironment, including dense extracellular matrix, cellular heterogeneity, hypoxic gradients, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure. These features hinder the uniform distribution and accumulation of therapeutics, reducing treatment efficacy.”
From Modeling Tumor Microenvironment Complexity In Vitro: Spheroids as Physiologically Relevant Tumor Models and Strategies for Their Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMany anticancer agents fail to achieve sufficient intratumoral concentrations or exhibit poor distribution within tumor tissues, resulting in incomplete eradication of malignant cells and development of therapeutic resistance.
“Many anticancer agents fail to achieve sufficient intratumoral concentrations or exhibit poor distribution within tumor tissues, resulting in incomplete eradication of malignant cells and the development of therapeutic resistance [3].”
From Modeling Tumor Microenvironment Complexity In Vitro: Spheroids as Physiologically Relevant Tumor Models and Strategies for Their Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
The 'Precision dosing as a missing piece' section says tumor drug penetration is often heterogeneous, leaving some neoplastic cells without the required dose, and that variable penetration may cause suboptimal responses. The 'Studying target binding at a cellular/molecular level' section links limited intracellular drug accumulation to multidrug resistance, but does not establish that poor distribution throughout tumor tissue generally causes the development of therapeutic resistance. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe tumor microenvironment significantly influences drug penetration, retention, and therapeutic response.
“Together, these components create a tumor microenvironment (TME) that significantly influences drug penetration, retention, and therapeutic response [1,3,4].”
From Modeling Tumor Microenvironment Complexity In Vitro: Spheroids as Physiologically Relevant Tumor Models and Strategies for Their Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- Bartelink, I. H., Jones, E. F., Shahidi‐Latham, S. K., Lee, P. R. E., Zheng, Y., Vicini, P., van ‘t Veer, L., Wolf, D., Iagaru, A., Kroetz, D. L., Prideaux, B., Cilliers, C., Thurber, G. M., Wimana, Z., & Gebhart, G.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Genentech South San Francisco California USA
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD) MedImmune South San Francisco California USA
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD) MedImmune Cambridge UK
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco San Francisco California USA
- Stanford Health Care (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Institut Jules Bordet Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
- Corresponding author
- Bartelink, Imke H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-10-06
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 148-163
- ISSN
- 0009-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6535
- PMC
- PMC6617978
- OpenAlex
- W2887856815
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Keywords
- precision dosing, precision oncology, precision medicine, pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration, target binding, in silico modeling, pharmacological activity, individualized dosing
- MeSH terms
- Antineoplastic Agents, Clinical Trials as Topic, Computer Simulation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, Molecular Imaging, Precision Medicine, Absorption, Physiological
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