A theory of motion sickness based on pharmacological reactions
Abstract
A series of anti‐motion sickness drug evaluation experiments has been performed at the Naval Aerospace Medical Institute in Pensacola. Carefully controlled laboratory conditions using the slow‐rotation room were maintained. The results were confirmed by similar experiments in the air and at sea. The effective drugs fell into two categories, those that blocked acetylcholine in the central nervous system and those which activated the central sympathetic areas. A combination of drugs involving both of these mechanisms was the most effective preparation for preventing motion sickness. These results have indicated that there may be competitive neural systems involved with motion sickness, one activated by acetylcholine and one most likely mediated by norepinephrine. Motion sickness would occur when activation of the acetylcholine system disturbed this balance, and protection of the motion sickness drugs would be achieved by preventing it.
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Placebo effects usually are on the order of 10-40 % of drug effects.
“Placebo effects usually are on the order of 10–40 % of drug effects (Wood and Graybiel 1968, 1969, 1970; Graybiel et al. 1976; Wood et al. 1986).”
From Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting (2014) · cites this paper as Wood and Graybiel 1970
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Motion sickness: more than nausea and vomiting
Lackner, J. R. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4008-8 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Physiological basis and pharmacology of motion sickness: an update
Yates, B. J., Miller, A. D., & Lucot, J. B. (1998) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00092-6 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Habituation and Motion Sickness
Wood, C. D., Stewart, J. J., Wood, M. J., Struve, F. A., Straumanis, J. J., Mims, M. E., & Patrick, G. Y. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb02016.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationKlöcker, N., Hanschke, W., Toussaint, S., & Verse, T. (2001) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00107-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mo, F.-F., Qin, H.-H., Wang, X.-L., Shen, Z.-L., Xu, Z., Wang, K.-H., Cai, Y.-L., & Li, M. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.024 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wood, C. D., & Graybiel, A.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1970-09
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 621-629
- ISSN
- 0009-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6535
- OpenAlex
- W2410285692
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nausea and vomiting management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- motion sickness, anti-motion sickness drugs, acetylcholine, central nervous system, sympathetic nervous system, norepinephrine, combination therapy, pharmacological mechanisms, vestibular system
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Antiemetics, Autonomic Nervous System, Humans, Male, Motion Sickness, Norepinephrine
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