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Cocaine metabolism: Cocaine and norcocaine hydrolysis by liver and serum esterases
Abstract
The hydrolysis of cocaine and its N‐demethylated product, norcocaine, by esterases was examined in liver and serum. Both liver and serum enzymatically formed ecgonine methyl ester from cocaine. The liver enzyme had a much lower affinity for cocaine than that of serum, indicating that a different form of esterase was present in liver. The liver enzyme had a similar affinity for both norcocaine and cocaine. Likewise, the serum enzyme showed similar affinities for both substrates. The Vmax estimates, however, were consistently higher for norcocaine than cocaine in both liver and serum. Benzoyl ecgonine, a major metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis, was not produced enzymatically in either serum or liver; the rate of spontaneous formation at physiological pH suggests that this metabolite may arise nonenzymatically in the body.
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Citations
Cited by
Medical Complications of Cocaine Abuse
Cregler, L. L., & Mark, H. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198612043152327 · Cited by 786
Pharmacogenetics, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes, and Clinical Practice
Gardiner, S. J., & Begg, E. J. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.6 · Cited by 406
Mechanisms Underlying Postmortem Redistribution of Drugs: A Review
Pélissier-Alicot, A.-L., Gaulier, J.-M., Champsaur, P., & Marquet, P. (2003) · Journal of Analytical Toxicology · doi:10.1093/jat/27.8.533 · Cited by 299
Cocaine Metabolism and Urinary Excretion After Different Routes of Administration
Cone, E. J., Tsadik, A., Oyler, J., & Darwin, W. D. (1998) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/00007691-199810000-00019 · Cited by 112
Haile, C. N., De La Garza, R., Mahoney, J. J., Nielsen, D. A., Kosten, T. R., & Newton, T. F. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047702 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Stewart, D. J., Inaba, T., Lucassen, M., & Kalow, W.
- Venue
- Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1979-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 464-468
- ISSN
- 0009-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-6535
- OpenAlex
- W2412971445
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Stewart, D. J., Inaba, T., Lucassen, M., & Kalow, W. (1979). Cocaine metabolism: Cocaine and norcocaine hydrolysis by liver and serum esterases. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt1979254464
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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