Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 473

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms: an empirical analysis of the European paper industry

Wagner, Marcus, Van Phu, Nguyen, Azomahou, Théophile, Wehrmeyer, Walter·2002·Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management
DOI 10.1002/csr.22
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms in the European paper manufacturing industry. It initially discusses possible functional relationships between environmental and economic performance rooted in different theoretical frameworks and links these to recent empirical and theoretical analyses of the Porter hypothesis. Following this, it reports the results of an empirical study carried out in the European paper industry. Findings fit better with ‘traditionalist’ reasoning about the relationship between environmental and economic performance, which predicts the relationship to be uniformly negative. In particular they confirm the necessity for a more differentiated view of the Porter hypothesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/csr.22

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 16 references

Cited by

See all 473

Metadata

Authors
Wagner, M., Van Phu, N., Azomahou, T., & Wehrmeyer, W.
Venue
Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-08-19
Volume
9
Issue
3
Pages
133-146
ISSN
  • 1535-3958 (ISSN-L)
  • 1535-3966
DOI
10.1002/csr.22
OpenAlex
W2026089993
Cited by
473
References
16
FWCI
4.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms: an empirical analysis of the European paper industry. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/csr.22
The paper
Wagner, M., Van Phu, N., Azomahou, T., & Wehrmeyer, W. (2002). The relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms: an empirical analysis of the European paper industry. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.22

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.