Determination of 13C/12C ratios of urinary epitestosterone and its main metabolites 5α‐ and 5β‐androstane‐3α, 17α‐diol
Abstract
Epitestosterone (17alpha-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one, EpiT) belongs to the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Although it possesses no anabolic effect, it is presumed to be misused by athletes in order to mask administration of testosterone (T) by lowering the urinary T/EpiT ratio.To improve detection, an excretion study with 40 mg of orally administered EpiT was conducted focusing on the metabolites of EpiT: 5alpha- and 5beta-androstane-3alpha,17 alpha-diol (5aEpiD and 5bEpiD). A reference population of n = 74 volunteers was investigated to elucidate the urinary concentrations of these steroids.In order to prove whether an unusual finding in urinary concentrations or ratios is due to an illicit intake of steroids or due to physiological elevation, determination of carbon isotope ratios is advisable. A method for isotope ratio determination was developed to enable (13)C/(12)C ratios of EpiT, 5bEpiD, 5aEpiD, pregnanediol and androsterone and etiocholanolone to be measured from a single urine specimen. The method's validity was tested by applying linear mixing models and specificity was ensured by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. delta(13)C values at natural levels were determined with a reference population and both Delta values and corresponding reference limits were calculated.Considering the implemented EpiT-metabolites, a more than twofold extension of the detection time of EpiT administration was achieved with both the urinary concentration thresholds and the (13)C/(12)C ratios.
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Excreted metabolites of EpiT are 5α- and 5β-androstane-3α,17α-diols.
“Excreted metabolites of EpiT are 5α- and 5β-androstane-3α,17α-diols (Piper et al., 2009, Shackleton et al., 1997b, Wilson and Lipsett, 1966).”
From Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited (2018) · cites this paper as Piper et al., 2009
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Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited
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“Excreted metabolites of EpiT are 5a- and 5b-androstane-3a,17adiols (Piper et al., 2009; Shackleton et al.,1997b;Wilson and Lipsett, 1966).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Piper, T., Riemann, P., Opfermann, G., Mareck, U., Geyer, H., Vajiala, G., Flenker, U., & Schänzer, W.
- Affiliations
- German Sport University Cologne (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Piper, Thomas
- Venue
- Drug Testing and Analysis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-09-22
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 11-12
- Pages
- 576-586
- ISSN
- 1942-7603 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-7611
- OpenAlex
- W2105853715
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 21.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug Testing and Analysis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Anti-Doping Agency
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Doping in Sports
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Pharmacological Effects and Assays
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Keywords
- epitestosterone, 13C/12C isotope ratio, urinary steroid metabolites, anti-doping, testosterone, detection window, reference population, linear mixing model, pregnanediol, androsterone, etiocholanolone
- MeSH terms
- Androsterone, Carbon Isotopes, Doping in Sports, Epitestosterone, Etiocholanolone, Humans, Male, Pregnanediol, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Substance Abuse Detection, Linear Models
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