Cited by 4Genetic diversity and population structureEvolution and Genetic DynamicsMorphological variations and asymmetry

Estimators for QST and coalescence times

Open access
Weaver, Timothy D.·2016·Ecology and Evolution

Abstract

Comparisons of to can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that lead to differentiation, or lack thereof, among the phenotypes of different groups (e.g., populations, species), and these comparisons have been performed on a variety of taxa, including humans. Here, I show that for neutrally evolving (i.e., by genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow alone) quantitative characters, the two commonly used estimators have somewhat different interpretations in terms of coalescence times, particularly when the number of groups that have been sampled is small. A similar situation occurs for estimators. Consequently, when observations come from only a small number of groups, which is not an unusual situation, it is important to match estimators appropriately when comparing to .

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/ece3.2522

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Goldstein, D. B., Linares, A. R., Cavalli‐Sforza, L. L., & Feldman, M. W. (1995). An evaluation of genetic distances for use with microsatellite loci. Genetics, 139, 463– 471. 7705647 PMC1206344
  2. Kremer, A., Zanetto, A., & Ducousso, A. (1997). Multilocus and multitrait measures of differentiation for gene markers and phenotypic traits. Genetics, 145, 1229– 1241. 9093871 PMC1207889
  3. Lande, R. (1979). Quantitative genetic analysis of multivariate evolution, applied to brain:body size allometry. Evolution, 33, 402– 416. 28568194
  4. Lande, R. (1992). Neutral theory of quantitative genetic variance in an island model with local extinction and colonization. Evolution, 46, 381– 389. 28564025
  5. Lynch, M., & Crease, T. J. (1990). The analysis of population survey data on DNA sequence variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 7, 377– 394. 1974693
  6. Lynch, M., & Hill, W. G. (1986). Phenotypic evolution by neutral mutation. Evolution, 40, 915– 935. 28556213
  7. Nei, M. (1973). Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 70, 3321– 3323. 4519626 PMC427228
  8. Prout, T., & Barker, J. S. F. (1993). F statistics in Drosophilia buzzatii: Selection, population size and inbreeding. Genetics, 134, 369– 375. 8514144 PMC1205439
  9. Relethford, J. H., & Blangero, J. (1990). Detection of differential gene flow from patterns of quantitative variation. Human Biology, 62, 5– 25. 2323770
  10. Rogers, A. R., & Harpending, H. C. (1983). Population structure and quantitative characters. Genetics, 105, 985– 1002. 17246186 PMC1202238
  11. Roseman, C. C., & Weaver, T. D. (2007). Molecules versus morphology? Not for the human cranium. Bioessays, 29, 1185– 1188. 18008372
  12. Slatkin, M. (1993). Isolation by distance in equilibrium and non‐equilibrium populations. Evolution, 47, 264– 279. 28568097
  13. Slatkin, M. (1995). A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics, 139, 457– 462. 7705646 PMC1206343
  14. Spitze, K. (1993). Population structure in Daphnia obtusa: Quantitative genetic and allozymic variation. Genetics, 135, 367– 374. 8244001 PMC1205642
  15. Turelli, M., Gillespie, J. H., & Lande, R. (1988). Rate tests for selection on quantitative characters during macroevolution and microevolution. Evolution, 42, 1085– 1089. 28581161
  16. Weir, B. S., & Cockerham, C. C. (1984). Estimating F‐statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution, 38, 1358– 1370. 28563791
  17. Whitlock, M. C. (1999). Neutral additive genetic variance in a metapopulation. Genetical Research, 74, 215– 221. 10689799
  18. Whitlock, M. C. (2008). Evolutionary inference from Q ST. Molecular Ecology, 17, 1885– 1896. 18363667

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Weaver, T. D.
Affiliations
University of California, Davis (US)
Corresponding author
Weaver, Timothy D.
Venue
Ecology and Evolution
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-10-05
Volume
6
Issue
21
Pages
7783-7786
ISSN
2045-7758 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2529471174
Cited by
4
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Ecology and Evolution (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Morphological variations and asymmetry
Keywords
quantitative sensory testing, coalescence time, estimator comparison, neutral evolution, genetic drift, gene flow, genetic mutations, small sample size, genetic differentiation, quantitative traits

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review