The brain as an immune privileged site: Dendritic cells of the central nervous system inhibit T cell activation
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Dendritic cells (DC) are unique in their ability to prime naive T cells and initiate adaptive immunity. In recent years, DC were identified in the inflamed central nervous system (CNS), but their role in the initiation or regulation of the tissue specific immune response is unknown. As shown here, DC isolated from mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibit a maturational phenotype similar to immature bone marrow-derived DC or splenic DC as characterized by intermediate surface MHC class II and low expression of the costimulatory molecule CD80. However, they are unable to prime naive T cells. Moreover, they inhibit T cell proliferation stimulated by mature bone marrow-derived DC. TGFbeta, IL-10 and TRAIL were found to significantly contribute to the CNS-DC-mediated inhibition of allo-T cell proliferation. Thus CNS-DC may be the key responsibles for maintaining immune privilege within the inflamed CNS.
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Functional immune cells can enter the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, choroid plexus, and lymphatic vessels and have been described beyond neuropathological conditions.
“However, the idea that the CNS is an immune privileged organ has been reconsidered, as the functional immune cells can enter the CNS through the BBB, the choroid plexus, and the lymphatic vessels and have been described beyond neuropathological conditions (26, 35–47).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Bacterial products and metabolites can pass the blood-brain barrier and shape CNS development and functions and the genesis of certain diseases.
“Among the molecules that can pass the BBB are also bacterial products and metabolites shaping not only the CNS development and functions (6, 15) but also the genesis of certain diseases (33–42).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Antibiotic treatment results in reduced expression of the tight-junction forming proteins occludin and claudin-5 in the brain, increased blood-brain barrier permeability, reduced anxiety-like behaviors, and elevated exploratory behavior and home-cage activity.
“Antibiotic treatment results in reduced expression of the tight-junction forming proteins, occludin, and claudin-5, in the brain, increased BBB permeability, reduced anxiety-like behaviors, and elevated exploratory behavior and home-cage activity (35).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Suter, T., Biollaz, G., Gatto, D., Bernasconi, L., Herren, T., Reith, W., & Fontana, A.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Fontana, Adriano
- Venue
- European Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-09-29
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2998-3006
- ISSN
- 0014-2980 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4141
- OpenAlex
- W2088369230
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Keywords
- dendritic cells, central nervous system, immune privilege, T cell activation, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, dendritic cell maturation, MHC class II, CD80, TGF-beta, IL-10, TRAIL, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Brain, Dendritic Cells, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, T-Lymphocytes, B7-1 Antigen, Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System, Mice
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