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Cited by 170Smart Grid Energy ManagementSmart Grid and Power SystemsIoT-based Smart Home Systems

A new IoT‐based smart energy meter for smart grids

Open access
Avancini, Danielly B., Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C., Rabêlo, Ricardo A. L., Das, Ashok Kumar, Kozlov, Sergey, Solic, Petar·2021·International Journal of Energy Research
DOI 10.1002/er.5177
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Abstract

The significant increase in energy consumption by the growth of the population or by the use of new equipment has brought big challenges to the energy security as well as the environment. There is a need that consumers can track their daily use and understand consumption standards for better organizing themselves to obtain financial and energetic efficiency. With the improvement of smart networks technology for better energy supply, a smart meter is not just a simple measurement gadget anymore, but it has additional functions including smart equipment control, bidirectional communication that allows integration of users and networks, and other functionalities. Smart meters are the most fundamental components in smart power grids. Besides, the meters used with a management system can be utilized for monitoring and controlling home appliances and other gadgets according to the users' need. A solution of an integrated and single system should be more efficient and economical. Smart measurement systems allow monitoring the energy consumption of the final consumers while providing useful information about the energy quality. The information provided by these systems is used by the operators to enhance the energy supply, and different techniques can be also applied for this end, such as charge scheduling, management from the demand side, and non-intrusive load monitoring. The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a great ally in the management of smart distribution and energy consumption in smart systems scenarios. To address these issues, this paper proposes and demonstrates a new smart energy meter following an IoT approach and its associated costs and benefits. The developed device incorporates several communication interfaces. In order to easily integrate with any monitoring software solution, the meter has a multi-protocol connection. Finally, the provided solution is validated and demonstrated in real-life environments and it is also under use.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

The paper proposes, builds, and validates a low-cost IoT-based smart energy meter that integrates three-phase grid monitoring, load control, and multi-protocol communication with an IoT middleware. Field tests and comparison with a commercial analyzer indicate the meter can monitor energy consumption and power quality in real environments.

Key findings

  • The developed meter combines three blocks: grid analysis using a Texas Instruments MSP430F67641, processing/communication/I/O using a Tiva C microcontroller, and IoT communication using a CC2650; it supports MODBUS RTU, SNMP, MQTT, CoAP, RESTful API, Ethernet, RS-485, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN/ZigBee RF4CE.
  • Validation against a Fluke 435 Series II showed close compatibility: smart meter voltage readings were 129.73, 129.36, and 129.72 V versus Fluke readings of 130.91, 130.44, and 130.17 V; current readings were 8.87, 8.55, and 8.77 A versus 8.40, 8.10, and 8.20 A.
  • The meter stores up to 60 days of historical data, updates measurements at 1-second intervals, and sends data to the In.IoT middleware via a nodeMCU Wi-Fi radio using MQTT approximately every 5 seconds.
  • Field installations included the IoT Research Group laboratory at Inatel, Brazil; the TSDA company in Santa Rita do Sapucaí-MG, Brazil, using 100A CTs per phase; and a customer site in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The authors conclude the meter allows consumers to monitor energy consumption easily, accurately, efficiently, and reliably, and it is under use.

Methods

  • Design and implementation of a smart meter with three main blocks: grid analysis, main processing/communication/I/O, and IoT communication; the hardware includes 8 configurable I/O ports and supports multiple open protocols and media.
  • Performance evaluation and validation were performed at the IoT Research Group laboratory (Inatel, Brazil) and in real field installations; the meter received three voltage samples, one neutral sample, and three current samples corresponding to the low-voltage network phases.
  • Data were read from the meter via UART to a nodeMCU Wi-Fi radio, formatted as JSON, and published via MQTT to the In.IoT middleware; validation compared readings with a Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer, and SNMP monitoring was demonstrated with TSDA’s Horus NMS.

Limitations

  • The paper states that several issues remain unsolved: communication protocol standardization, safety rules redesign, equipment standards harmonization for interfaces, plug-and-play support, inbound big data management from many sensor systems, recalculation of charging metrics, and upgrade of current power grid architecture.
  • It also notes that an energy resource management system alone does not solve unconscious energy use; users need awareness, and utilities must ensure quality, continuity, and honest measurement. It further states that providing an integrated solution for energy management and load control requires more than one device, increasing malfunction chances and cost.
  • Evident from the text: validation is limited to comparison with one commercial meter and qualitative field reports; no formal statistical analysis, error bounds, or long-term quantitative reliability metrics are reported.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/er.5177

Cites

24 of 24 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 16 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingreasoning

    In.IoT middleware allows users to view the status of variables measured by the smart energy meter, in real time, via Web.

    “It allows users to view the status of variables measured by the smart energy meter, in real time, via Web, as shown in Figure 9.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The Horus NMS tool generated reports that allow analysis of the quality of energy supplied by the utility to the company and consumption characteristics across periods and times.

    “the Horus NMS tool was responsible for generating several reports, through which it is possible to analyze the quality of energy supplied by the utility to the company, as well as consumption characteristics, analyzing periods, and different times.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    A utility voltage report showed an interrupt record.

    “Figures 17 and 18 present a utility voltage report where an interrupt record has been verified.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Premisereasoning

    Smart meters currently available in the market do not provide, in a single equipment, all the features necessary to create an advanced electrical management system as proposed.

    “Smart meters currently available in the market do not provide, in a single equipment, all the features necessary to create an advanced electrical management system as proposed.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 52
  • May combine two claims. 33
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 2

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    This project offers a complete management and monitoring system for electricity and aggregated devices and loads, including hardware capable of real-time monitoring and analysis of grid-quality parameters.

    “This project offers a complete management and monitoring system for electricity and aggregated devices and loads including a hardware capable for real-time monitoring and analysis of grid-quality parameters (for example, voltages, currents, and consumption among others).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    This device has a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 CPU capable of supporting protocols such as MQTT and CoAP, as well as an ARM Cortex-M0 secondary processor used to deploy the physical layer of BLE and IEEE 802.15.4.

    “This device has a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 CPU capable for supporting protocols, such as MQTT and CoAP that are widely used in the IoT universe, as well as an ARM Cortex-M0 secondary processor that is used to deploy the physical layer of Bluetooth controller Low Energy (BLE) and IEEE 802.15.4.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingnone given

    The developed device incorporates several communication interfaces.

    “The developed device incorporates several communication interfaces.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The proposed solution is installed at the end consumer for IoT operations and is capable of sending commands and monitoring the quality of the power supply provided by the local utility.

    “The proposed solution is installed at the end consumer for IoT operations, and it is capable to send commands and monitor the quality of the power supply provided by the local utility.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    RTU, SNMP, MQTT, CoAP, and RESTful API are supported.

    “remote terminal unit (RTU), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), and RESTful API are supported.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingreasoning

    Support for the MODBUS RTU protocol via an RS-485 serial port was performed to make the developed equipment compatible with older systems.

    “Support for the MODBUS RTU protocol, via an RS-485 serial port, was performed to make the developed equipment compatible with older systems (Legacy Support).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    SNMP protocol support allows the equipment to be monitored by any management system compatible with it.

    “The SNMP protocol support allows the equipment being monitored by any management system (NMS) compatible with it, such as NAGIOS, ZABBIX, DATAMINER, SPECTRUM, and many other commercially available software.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Ethernet connectivity offers the possibility to access information through a webpage and performs real-time monitoring of all electrical parameters and I/Os, as well as access up to 60 days of historical data recorded in nonvolatile internal memory.

    “Among the protocols and different access ways supported by the developed equipment, the Ethernet connectivity is highlighted because it offers the possibility to access information through a webpage and performs realtime monitoring of all the electrical parameters and I/Os as well as access up to 60 days historical data recorded in nonvolatile internal memory of the equipment.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    The meter has a multi-protocol connection to easily integrate with any monitoring software solution.

    “In order to easily integrate with any monitoring software solution, the meter has a multi-protocol connection.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The created equipment project considers three main distinct blocks: a grid analysis block; a main processing, communication, and I/O block; and an IoT communication block.

    “The created equipment project considers three main distinct blocks: (a) grid analysis block; (b) main processing, communication, and I/O block; and (c) IoT communication block.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Remote load control is possible, and adding it to a management platform makes it capable of monitoring a network of installed equipment, generating management reports of all monitored parameters, and reporting alarm conditions remotely.

    “Remote load control (lighting and air conditioning systems, for example) is also possible, and adding it to a management platform makes it capable for monitoring a network of installed equipment, generating management reports of all monitored parameters and reporting alarm conditions remotely.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Eight I/O ports were available in the developed equipment, which can be individually configured as digital output, digital input, or analog input, with internal 12-bit A/D converters.

    “Eight I/O ports were available in the developed equipment, which can be individually configured as digital output, digital input, or analog input, with internal 12-bit A/D converters.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    It is possible to receive instant updates of any monitored variable failure.

    “It is also possible to receive instant updates of any monitored variables failure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    All measurements and I/Os can be accessed through an address table created for the equipment with information updated at 1-second time intervals.

    “All the measurements and I/Os can be accessed through an address table created for the equipment with information updated at 1-second time intervals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Data monitoring and management are performed through an IoT middleware called In.IoT, developed by the Research Group team.

    “Data monitoring and management are performed through an IoT middleware, called In.IoT, developed by the Research Group team.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The equipment can report configured alarm conditions by sending TRAPs to predefined IP addresses.

    “The equipment can report configured alarm conditions by sending TRAPs to predefined IP addresses.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    With an ARM-Cortex-M architecture and 120 MHz CPU throughput, all monitored main parameters are available on the machine's own webpage and are available for remote reading via MODBUS protocols.

    “With an ARM-Cortex-M architecture and 120 MHz CPU throughput, all the monitored main parameters are available on the machine's own webpage and are available for remote reading via MODBUS protocols.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingown data

    The Texas Instruments MCU CC2650 was used to connect the equipment to wireless IoT networks.

    “In addition to the RS-485 and Ethernet TCP/IP protocols, the Texas Instruments MCU CC2650 was used to connect the equipment to wireless IoT networks.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    This microcontroller supports Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN or ZigBee RF4CE protocols, making the smart meter compatible with most IoT network deployments today.

    “This microcontroller supports Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN or ZigBee RF4CE protocols, making smart meter compatible with most IoT networks deployment today, such as IoT smart environments.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The microcontroller is responsible for managing the equipment I/Os, capable of remote control of loads and additional monitoring of main parameters.

    “The above-mentioned micro-controller is also responsible for managing the equipment I/Os, capable for remote control of loads (such as lighting/cooling circuits on/off) and additional monitoring of the main parameters (temperature and humidity, photovoltaic sensors, etc).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    The proposed smart energy meter's readings and measurements showed great compatibility with the commercial Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer.

    “Smart energy meter readings and measurements showed great compatibility when compared with the market device.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer provides an accurate commercial reference for validating the smart energy meter.

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In the comparison, the smart energy meter measured voltages of 129.73, 129.36, and 129.72 V and currents of 8.87, 8.55, and 8.77 A, while the Fluke 435 measured voltages of 130.91, 130.44, and 130.17 V and currents of 8.40, 8.10, and 8.20 A.

    “T A B L E 1 Voltage and current values comparison table: smart energy meter vs commercial meter Model Phases Values (V) Current Values (A) Fluke 435 130.91 130.44 130.17 8.40 8.10 8.20 Smart energy meter 129.73 129.36 129.72 8.87 8.55 8.77”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer provides an accurate commercial reference for validating the smart energy meter.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    Horus NMS is capable of managing any equipment that supports SNMP by preregistering the parameters provided by the equipment through the MIB protocol.

    “This software is capable for managing any equipment that supports SNMP simply by preregistering the parameters provided by the equipment through this MIB protocol.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Findingreasoning

    The smart energy meter has I/O that makes it possible to trigger other devices.

    “it is possible to trigger other devices due to the I/O present in the equipment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The developed equipment has full support for SNMP, including alarm sending (TRAPs) in case of alarms.

    “The developed equipment has full support for this protocol, including alarm sending (TRAPs) in case of alarms.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The smart meter sends collected data through wireless communication using IoT protocols, and the data are collected by an IoT middleware capable of managing and providing the user with energy usage information over the Internet.

    “It sends the collected data through a wireless communication using the IoT protocols, and the data are collected by an IoT middleware capable for managing and providing the user with energy usage information over the Internet.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In all observed cases, the information and reports generated by the equipment were extremely reliable and the smart meter met all desired specifications.

    “In all the observed cases, the information and reports generated by the equipment were extremely reliable and the smart meter met all the desired specifications.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer provides an accurate commercial reference for validating the smart energy meter.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The data collected by the smart meter was sent to In.IoT middleware.

    “The data collected by the smart meter was sent to In.IoT middleware, as shown in Figure 8.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    The smart meter works online where all data is received in real time.

    “The smart meter works online where all data is received in real time.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN (or ZigBee RF4CE) protocols are enabled for this purpose.

    “Bluetooth, ZigBee, and 6LoWPAN (or ZigBee RF4CE) protocols are enabled for this purpose.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    For each input phase, RMS voltage, RMS current, frequency, power factor, and active and apparent power were monitored.

    “For each input phase, the following parameters were monitored: RMS voltage, RMS current, frequency, power factor, and active and apparent power.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    The equipment has internal memory capable of storing consumption data for the last 60 days of operation, totalling the consumption of the three phases and distinguishing active and apparent power as well as daily accumulation.

    “The equipment has internal memory capable for storing consumption data for the last 60 days of operation, totalling the consumption of the three phases and distinguishing active and apparent power as well as daily accumulation.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingnone given

    The smart energy meter has a calibration menu that makes it possible to adjust voltage and current values.

    “The smart energy meter has a calibration menu that makes it possible to adjust voltage and current values.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The smart energy meter's web user interface allows real-time monitoring, data collection, and access to basic consumption reports.

    “Accessing directly the smart energy meter web user interface, it is possible to have real-time monitoring and data collection as well as access to basic consumption reports (shown in Figure 12).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    An IoT-based smart energy meter system can improve the performance and efficiency of the smart grid primarily by increasing its reliability.

    “An IoT-based smart energy meter system can improve the performance and efficiency of the SG primarily by increasing its reliability.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisereasoning

    When creating a system and combining these different modules in addition to the complexity of configuring them correctly, the total price of the solution becomes too high, making commercial use of the solution infeasible.

    “When creating a system and combining these different modules in addition to the complexity of configuring them correctly, the total price of the solution becomes too high, which makes it the commercial use of the solution infeasible.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A smart meter not only works as a sensor capable of measuring energy consumption, but it also provides energy resource management in a given environment.

    “Smart meter not only works as a sensor capable for measuring energy consumption, but it also provides energy resource management in a given environment.13,14”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [13]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [14]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Smart meters can be considered a way to obtain detailed consumption profiles that can be further used in high-level applications.

    “Therefore, smart meters can be considered as a way to obtain detailed consumption profiles that can be further used in high-level applications.17,18”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [17]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [18]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Power generation capacity does not often match demand, and in most cases this is because system users do not concern themselves with power availability.

    “However, power generation capacity does not often match the need for demand, and in most cases, this is because of the fact that the system users do not concern about power availability.[3][4][5]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [3]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [4]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [5]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Smart meters are capable of providing communication, interaction, data reception whenever necessary, command actuation, power consumption and/or generation using an appropriate language format, and communicating with other smart devices.

    “These meters shall be capable for providing communication, interaction, data reception whenever necessary, command actuation, power consumption and/or generation using an appropriate language format, and also be capable to communicate with other smart devices.4,12,13”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [4]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [12]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [13]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The provided solution is validated and demonstrated in real-life environments and is also under use.

    “Finally, the provided solution is validated and demonstrated in real-life environments and it is also under use.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The smart environment of the IoT Research Group laboratory is representative of real-life environments.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisereasoning

    To achieve these functionalities with existing solutions, it is necessary to use together different equipment with complementary functions, which ends up making the final solution infeasible financially.

    “To achieve these functionalities with existing solutions, it is necessary to use together different equipment with complementary functions, which ends up making the final solution infeasible financially.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The experiments were performed at the smart environment of the IoT Research Group laboratory at the National Telecommunications Institute (Inatel), Brazil.

    “the experiments were performed at the smart environment of the IoT Research Group laboratory -National Telecommunications Institute (Inatel), Brazil.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    By analyzing the load's time data, it would be possible to predict future demand according to consumer behaviors and improve the forecast of energy supply delivery.

    “In addition, by analyzing the load's time data, it would be possible to predict future demand according to consumer behaviors and it could improve the forecast of energy supply delivery.15,16”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [16]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Power theft and unorganized management of consumer data can lead to major losses for utility companies and consequently high energy bills for end-users.

    “In addition, other factors with serious impact are power theft and unorganized management of consumer data that can lead to major losses for utility companies, and consequently, high energy bills are produced to the end-users.1,6”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [1]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [6]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    With more information on energy consumption, people will be able to reduce their energy consumption, saving both energy and money.

    “With more information on energy consumption, people will be able to reduce their energy consumption, and thus, it saves both energy and money.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: People currently check their energy usage manually and depend on utility meter readings, a system with little information and often inefficient.
    • Rests on an assumption: There is growing concern about the amount of energy consumed and awareness of consumers' use of energy resources.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    The Internet provides continuous access to these devices and can contribute to smart power grid real-time control and configuration.

    “The Internet provides continuous access to these devices, and it can contribute in a certain way to smart power grid real-time control and configuration.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Wi-Fi was used for experimentation and validation of the smart meter's ability to communicate with the IoT middleware.

    “Wi-Fi was used for experimentation and validation of the smart meter's ability to communicate with the IoT middleware.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Data measurement is used not only to charge users' consumption but also to configure power grids based on energy usage and predefined quality requirements.

    “Data measurement is used not only to charge users consumption, it is also used to configure power grids based on energy usage and predefined quality requirements.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    This allows dynamic changes in policies.

    “It allows dynamic changes in policies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Smartphones play a key role by making remote control, monitoring, and management of energy control systems possible.

    “Smartphones play a key role on it all by making a remote control, monitoring, and management of energy control systems.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    The smart energy meter developed and supported by IoT technology can be applied in many different scenarios where quality monitoring and power consumption are required.

    “Thus, the smart energy meter developed and supported by IoT technology can be applied in a plethora of different scenarios, where quality monitoring and power consumption are required.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Several issues remain unsolved in IoT-based smart energy meters, including communication protocol standardization, safety rules redesign, equipment standards harmonization, plug-and-play support, inbound big data management, recalculation of charging metrics, and upgrade of current power grid architecture.

    “several issues still remain unsolved, like the communication protocols standardization, safety rules redesign, equipment standards harmonization to enable interfaces, plug-and-play support, inbound big data management from uncountable sensor systems disposed over the grid, recalculation of charging metrics, and upgrade of the current power grid architecture.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The more equipment installed on the same system, the greater the chances that the solution will malfunction.

    “The more equipment one has installed on the same system, the greater chances that the solution will malfunction.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    With middleware integration and Web access, users can remotely turn on/off air conditioners or lighting circuits.

    “With a middleware integration and Web access, users can remotely turn on/off air conditioners or even lighting circuits, for instance.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The created smart meter allows consumers to easily, accurately, efficiently, and reliably monitor their energy consumption, and it can meet the growing information needs.

    “From the performed experiments, it can be concluded that the created smart meter allows consumers to easily, accurately, efficiently, and reliably monitor their energy consumption, and it can meet the growing information needs.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer provides an accurate commercial reference for validating the smart energy meter.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). The quote only partly states this claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This remote control can avoid wasting energy resources.

    “This can avoid wasting of energy resources.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationreasoning

    IoT offers the possibility to share data through the grid to improve its performance.

    “IoT offers the possibility to share data through the grid to improve its performance.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Measurement parameters and data can be delivered by energy meters to remote locations.

    “This means that measurement parameters and data can be delivered by energy meters to remote locations.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Within the power management system, a middleware plays an essential role as it receives all data sent by the smart energy meter and stores it for specific queries to be quickly and consistently accessible to users.

    “Within the power management system, a middleware plays an essential role as it receives all data sent by the smart energy meter and stores it for specific queries to be quickly and consistently accessible to users.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [25]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [26]

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Fine adjustment of voltage and current values was performed during the experiments, further approximating the measurements of voltage and current variables.

    “This fine adjustment was performed during the experiments, further approximating the measurements of voltage and current variables.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    Power grids controlled based on users' needs will be able to modify energy requirements and guarantee the requested energy quality level.

    “The way power grids are controlled, based on users needs, it will be able to modify energy requirements and guarantee the requested energy quality level.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationnone given

    When authorized and authenticated, users can update their energy-saving policies online and remotely interact with policy servers.

    “When authorized and authenticated, users can update their policies on energy saving online and remotely interact with the policy servers.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    The more equipment installed, the higher the cost of the solution.

    “In addition, with more equipment, the cost of the solution will be higher.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    IoT-based smart energy meters enhance resources and services to be provided by future power grids.

    “Through this, IoT-based smart energy meters enhance resources and services to be provided by future power grids.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    One of the main benefits of the smart energy meter is its possible integration into existing or new systems without needing a proprietary solution from a single manufacturer.

    “one of the main benefits of this is its possible integration into existing or new systems without the need to use a proprietary solution provided by a single manufacturer.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Using smart meters, consumers will be able to use the Internet or a smartphone app for monitoring and save their energy consumption.

    “Using smart meters, consumers will be able to use the Internet or a smartphone app for monitoring and save their energy consumption.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: People currently check their energy usage manually and depend on utility meter readings, a system with little information and often inefficient.
    • Rests on an assumption: There is growing concern about the amount of energy consumed and awareness of consumers' use of energy resources.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    An energy resource management system by itself does not solve the problem of using energy resources unconsciously.

    “An energy resource management system by itself does not solve the problem of using these resources unconsciously.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Promoting an integrated solution for the management of energy resources and performance of installed loads is complex.

    “Another noted point is the complexity of promoting an integrated solution for the management of energy resources and performance of installed loads.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    To obtain a service that provides real-time energy consumption data and allows interaction with installed loads in a home, more than one device is necessary.

    “For a user being able to obtain a service where it is possible to receive energy consumption data in real time and to be able to interact with the loads installed in their home (such as lighting circuits and other devices), it is necessary to use more than one device.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
70 of 70

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There is a lack of energy consumption information available to users.

    “A proposal to solve the problem regarding the lack of energy consumption information to users.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Consumers need to track their daily use and understand consumption standards for better organizing themselves to obtain financial and energetic efficiency.

    “There is a need that consumers can track their daily use and understand consumption standards for better organizing themselves to obtain financial and energetic efficiency.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The smart environment of the IoT Research Group laboratory is representative of real-life environments.

    “the experiments were performed at the smart environment of the IoT Research Group laboratory -National Telecommunications Institute (Inatel), Brazil.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer provides an accurate commercial reference for validating the smart energy meter.

    “a comparison was made with a commercial metric, the Fluke 435 Series II Power and Energy Analyzer model”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    People currently check their energy usage manually and depend on utility meter readings, a system with little information and often inefficient.

    “Nowadays, people check their energy usage manually and depend on the reading done on the meters installed by the utility representatives, being a system with little information and often inefficient.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There is growing concern about the amount of energy consumed and awareness of consumers' use of energy resources.

    “There is a growing concern about the amount of energy consumed and the awareness of consumers' use of energy resources.”
6 of 6

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Lee M, 2013, Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering
  2. Quilumba‐Gudino FL, 2014, Using advanced metering infrastructure data for smart grid, development
  3. BenoitJ. The Internet of Things and the energy sector: myth or opportunity.2018(1):34–38.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Avancini, D. B., Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., Rabêlo, R. A. L., Das, A. K., Kozlov, S., & Solic, P.
Affiliations
  • National Institute of Telecommunications (BR)
  • ITMO University (RU)
  • Universidade Federal do Piauí (BR)
  • International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (IN)
  • Department for Information and Communication Systems, University of Split Split Croatia
Corresponding author
Rodrigues, Joel J. P. C.
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Energy Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-02-03
Volume
45
Issue
1
Pages
189-202
ISSN
  • 0363-907X (ISSN-L)
  • 1099-114X
DOI
10.1002/er.5177
OpenAlex
W3005226482
Semantic Scholar
817aead8fcad8379cfee7b4f3e4bb2a98495601b
Cited by
170
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 3
FWCI
7.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
International Journal of Energy Research (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (Project No D0640)
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant N. 309335/2017‐5, Grant No. 431726/2018‐3)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid and Power Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › IoT-based Smart Home Systems
Keywords
smart meters, Internet of Things, smart grid, multi-protocol communication, energy consumption monitoring, home appliance control, demand-side management, non-intrusive load monitoring, charging scheduling, cost-benefit analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-17.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-17.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

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