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Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments
Abstract
Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) are operationally defined methods for the analysis of sulfide and associated metals in aquatic sediments. The SEM-to-AVS ratio has been useful in explaining the results of bioassay tests of metal toxicants. This paper describes apparatus that can be used in the evolution of sulfide from sediments and a method for the analysis of the evolved sulfide and the liberated metal. The method was studied with respect to gas flow rate, digestion time, and acid concentration. Liberated and trapped sulfide was determined by a colorimetric method of analysis. Using the apparatus and conditions described in this paper, the colorimetric method of analysis is capable of detecting AVS at concentrations normally encountered with a recovery of sulfide of at least 90%. High precision is possible if this apparatus is used. The limit of detection of the method is approximately 0.01 m̈mol/g dry sediment. We added 6 M HC1 to produce a final concentration of approximately 1 M for the release of the AVS and SEM from unheated samples. We found that sulfide was not released from pyrite (FeS2) or copper sulfide (CuS) under these conditions. The liberation of copper from the two studied sediments indicates that copper was probably associated with another phase in these sediments. AVS is stable for several weeks in refrigerated or frozen samples.
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Cites
The chemistry of the hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide systems in natural waters
MORSE, J., MILLERO, F., CORNWELL, J., & RICKARD, D. (1987) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/0012-8252(87)90046-8 · Cited by 660
Cited by
Da̧browski, A., Hubicki, Z., Podkościelny, P., & Robens, E. (2004) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.03.006 · Cited by 1,717
Eggleton, J., & Thomas, K. V. (2004) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2004.03.001 · Cited by 1,116
Rickard, D., & Morse, J. W. (2005) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.08.004 · Cited by 632
Hou, D., He, J., Lü, C., Ren, L., Fan, Q., Wang, J., & Xie, Z. (2013) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.012 · Cited by 270
Metadata
- Authors
- Allen, H. E., Fu, G., & Deng, B.
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1993-08-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1441-1453
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- OpenAlex
- W2122547810
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 13.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/etc.5620120812
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- Allen, H. E., Fu, G., & Deng, B. (1993). Analysis of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) for the estimation of potential toxicity in aquatic sediments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620120812
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
