CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 76Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesSpinal Cord Injury ResearchTrauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation

Traumatically injured astrocytes release a proteomic signature modulated by STAT 3‐dependent cell survival

Open access
Levine, Jaclynn, Kwon, Eunice, Paez, Pablo, Yan, Weihong, Czerwieniec, Gregg, Loo, Joseph A., Sofroniew, Michael V., Wanner, Ina‐Beate·2016·Glia
DOI 10.1002/glia.22953PMC PMC4805454
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Molecular markers associated with CNS injury are of diagnostic interest. Mechanical trauma generates cellular deformation associated with membrane permeability with unknown molecular consequences. We used an in vitro model of stretch‐injury and proteomic analyses to determine protein changes in murine astrocytes and their surrounding fluids. Abrupt pressure‐pulse stretching resulted in the rapid release of 59 astrocytic proteins with profiles reflecting cell injury and cell death, i.e., mechanoporation and cell lysis. This acute trauma‐release proteome was overrepresented with metabolic proteins compared with the uninjured cellular proteome, bearing relevance for post‐traumatic metabolic depression. Astrocyte‐specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3‐CKO) resulted in reduced stretch‐injury tolerance, elevated necrosis and increased protein release. Consistent with more lysed cells, more protein complexes, nuclear and transport proteins were released from STAT3‐CKO versus nontransgenic astrocytes. STAT3‐CKO astrocytes had reduced basal expression of GFAP, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), aldolase C (ALDOC), and astrocytic phosphoprotein 15 (PEA15), and elevated levels of tropomyosin (TPM4) and α actinin 4 (ACTN4). Stretching caused STAT3‐dependent cellular depletion of PEA15 and GFAP, and its filament disassembly in subpopulations of injured astrocytes. PEA15 and ALDOC signals were low in injured astrocytes acutely after mouse spinal cord crush injury and were robustly expressed in reactive astrocytes 1 day postinjury. In contrast, α crystallin (CRYAB) was present in acutely injured astrocytes, and absent from uninjured and reactive astrocytes, demonstrating novel marker differences among postinjury astrocytes. These findings reveal a proteomic signature of traumatically‐injured astrocytes reflecting STAT3‐dependent cellular survival with potential diagnostic value. GLIA 2016;64:668–694

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/glia.22953

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Activation of STAT3-dependent transcription is beneficial in neonatal white matter injury, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and motor neuron injury, but detrimental in AD models.

    “For example, activation of STAT3-dependent transcription is beneficial in neonatal white matter injury47, traumatic brain injury30, spinal cord injury48,49, and motor neuron injury50, but detrimental in AD models42,43.”

    From Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions (2021) · cites this paper as [30]

    The Results section ('Acute STAT3 activation is important for cell integrity and apoptosis after astrocyte injury'; page unavailable) reports that STAT3-deficient astrocytes survived mechanical stretching less well than controls. The paper also reports protective effects after spinal cord injury, but the cited evidence does not establish a benefit of STAT3-dependent transcription in traumatic brain injury specifically. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 95 · Cited by 76

Research works printed but not linked: 85

  1. Ahmed SM Rzigalinski BA Willoughby KA Sitterding HA Ellis EF 2000 Stretch-induced injury alters mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP in cultured astrocytes and neurons J Neurochem 74 5 1951 60 10800938
  2. Arundine M Aarts M Lau A Tymianski M 2004 Vulnerability of central neurons to secondary insults after in vitro mechanical stretch J Neurosci 24 37 8106 23 15371512 PMC6729801
  3. Barbee KA 2005 Mechanical cell injury Ann N Y Acad Sci 1066 67 84 16533919
  4. Bartnik BL Lee SM Hovda DA Sutton RL 2007 The fate of glucose during the period of decreased metabolism after fluid percussion injury: a 13C NMR study J Neurotrauma 24 7 1079 92 17610349
  5. Bianchi R Verzini M Garbuglia M Giambanco I Donato R 1994 Mechanism of S100 protein-dependent inhibition of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) polymerization Biochim Biophys Acta 1223 3 354 60 7918670
  6. Buki A Povlishock JT 2006 All roads lead to disconnection?--Traumatic axonal injury revisited Acta Neurochir (Wien) 148 2 181 93 discussion 193–4 16362181
  7. Burda JE Sofroniew MV 2014 Reactive gliosis and the multicellular response to CNS damage and disease Neuron 81 2 229 48 24462092 PMC3984950
  8. Canonne-Hergaux F Zwiller J Aunis D 1994 cAMP and bFGF negatively regulate tropomyosin expression in rat cultured astroblasts Neurochem Int 25 6 545 53 7894331
  9. Cao X Zhang Y Zou L Xiao H Chu Y Chu X 2010 Persistent oxygen-glucose deprivation induces astrocytic death through two different pathways and calpain-mediated proteolysis of cytoskeletal proteins during astrocytic oncosis Neurosci Lett 479 2 118 22 20493926
  10. Chiu FC Norton WT Fields KL 1981 The cytoskeleton of primary astrocytes in culture contains actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the fibroblast-type filament protein, vimentin J Neurochem 37 1 147 55 7019391
  11. Choo AM Liu J Lam CK Dvorak M Tetzlaff W Oxland TR 2007 Contusion, dislocation, and distraction: primary hemorrhage and membrane permeability in distinct mechanisms of spinal cord injury J Neurosurg Spine 6 3 255 66 17355025
  12. Choi JS Kim SY Cha JH Choi YS Sung KW Oh ST Kim ON Chung JW Chun MH Lee SB 2003 Upregulation of gp130 and STAT3 activation in the rat hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia Glia 41 3 237 46 12528179
  13. Ciesielski-Treska J Goetschy JF Aunis D 1984 Proteolytic degradation of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat astrocytes in primary culture Eur J Biochem 138 3 465 71 6319134
  14. Colombo JA Yanez A Lipina SJ 1997 Interlaminar astroglial processes in the cerebral cortex of non human primates: response to injury J Hirnforsch 38 4 503 12 9476215
  15. de Vellis J Ghiani C Wanner I Cole R 2009 Preparation of Normal and Reactive Astrocyte Cultures Doering L Protocols for Neural Cell Culture Totowa, NJ Humana Press Inc. Springer Chapter 9 193 216
  16. DeArmond SJ Fajardo M Naughton SA Eng LF 1983 Degradation of glial fibrillary acidic protein by a calcium dependent proteinase: an electroblot study Brain Res 262 2 275 82 6340792
  17. Di Domenico F Casalena G Sultana R Cai J Pierce WM Perluigi M Cini C Baracca A Solaini G Lenaz G 2010 Involvement of stat3 in mouse brain development and sexual dimorphism: a proteomics approach Brain Res 1362 1 12 20875800 PMC2975791
  18. Dziennis S Jia T Ronnekleiv OK Hurn PD Alkayed NJ 2007 Role of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in estradiol-mediated neuroprotection J Neurosci 27 27 7268 74 17611279 PMC2570353
  19. Ellis EF McKinney JS Willoughby KA Liang S Povlishock JT 1995 A new model for rapid stretch-induced injury of cells in culture: characterization of the model using astrocytes J Neurotrauma 12 3 325 39 7473807
  20. Ellis EF Willoughby KA Sparks SA Chen T 2007 S100B protein is released from rat neonatal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia by in vitro trauma and anti-S100 increases trauma-induced delayed neuronal injury and negates the protective effect of exogenous S100B on neurons J Neurochem 101 6 1463 70 17403138
  21. Estelles A Yokoyama M Nothias F Vincent JD Glowinski J Vernier P Chneiweiss H 1996 The major astrocytic phosphoprotein PEA-15 is encoded by two mRNAs conserved on their full length in mouse and human J Biol Chem 271 25 14800 6 8662970
  22. Farkas O Lifshitz J Povlishock JT 2006 Mechanoporation induced by diffuse traumatic brain injury: an irreversible or reversible response to injury? J Neurosci 26 12 3130 40 16554464 PMC6674089
  23. Faulkner JR Herrmann JE Woo MJ Tansey KE Doan NB Sofroniew MV 2004 Reactive astrocytes protect tissue and preserve function after spinal cord injury J Neurosci 24 9 2143 55 14999065 PMC6730429
  24. Fern RF Matute C Stys PK 2014 White matter injury: Ischemic and nonischemic Glia 62 11 1780 9 25043122
  25. Ferrier R Had L Rabie A Faivre-Sarrailh C 1994 Coordinated expression of five tropomyosin isoforms and beta-actin in astrocytes treated with dibutyryl cAMP and cytochalasin D Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 28 4 303 16 7954857
  26. Floyd CL Rzigalinski BA Weber JT Sitterding HA Willoughby KA Ellis EF 2001 Traumatic injury of cultured astrocytes alters inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate-mediated signaling Glia 33 1 12 23 11169788
  27. Franke WW Schmid E Grund C Geiger B 1982 Intermediate filament proteins in nonfilamentous structures: transient disintegration and inclusion of subunit proteins in granular aggregates Cell 30 1 103 13 6751555
  28. Geddes DM LaPlaca MC Cargill RS 2nd 2003 Susceptibility of hippocampal neurons to mechanically induced injury Exp Neurol 184 1 420 7 14637111
  29. Giza CC Hovda DA 2014 The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion Neurosurgery 75 Suppl 4 S24 33 25232881 PMC4479139
  30. Godell CM Smyers ME Eddleman CS Ballinger ML Fishman HM Bittner GD 1997 Calpain activity promotes the sealing of severed giant axons Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 9 4751 6 9114063 PMC20796
  31. Greco TM Seeholzer SH Mak A Spruce L Ischiropoulos H 2010 Quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics reveals the dynamic range of primary mouse astrocyte protein secretion J Proteome Res 9 5 2764 74 20329800 PMC2866110
  32. Hagemann TL Boelens WC Wawrousek EF Messing A 2009 Suppression of GFAP toxicity by alphaB-crystallin in mouse models of Alexander disease Hum Mol Genet 18 7 1190 9 19129171 PMC2655774
  33. Hagemann TL Connor JX Messing A 2006 Alexander disease-associated glial fibrillary acidic protein mutations in mice induce Rosenthal fiber formation and a white matter stress response J Neurosci 26 43 11162 73 17065456 PMC6674663
  34. Hanrieder J Wetterhall M Enblad P Hillered L Bergquist J 2009 Temporally resolved differential proteomic analysis of human ventricular CSF for monitoring traumatic brain injury biomarker candidates J Neurosci Methods 177 2 469 78 19263575
  35. Harrington MG Fonteh AN Oborina E Liao P Cowan RP McComb G Chavez JN Rush J Biringer RG Huhmer AF 2009 The morphology and biochemistry of nanostructures provide evidence for synthesis and signaling functions in human cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 6 10 19735572 PMC2746175
  36. Herrmann JE Imura T Song B Qi J Ao Y Nguyen TK Korsak RA Takeda K Akira S Sofroniew MV 2008 STAT3 is a critical regulator of astrogliosis and scar formation after spinal cord injury J Neurosci 28 28 7231 43 18614693 PMC2583788
  37. Hertz L 2008 Bioenergetics of cerebral ischemia: a cellular perspective Neuropharmacology 55 3 289 309 18639906
  38. Hinkle DA Baldwin SA Scheff SW Wise PM 1997 GFAP and S100beta expression in the cortex and hippocampus in response to mild cortical contusion J Neurotrauma 14 10 729 38 9383091
  39. Hovda DA Yoshino A Kawamata T Katayama Y Becker DP 1991 Diffuse prolonged depression of cerebral oxidative metabolism following concussive brain injury in the rat: a cytochrome oxidase histochemistry study Brain Res 567 1 1 10 1667742
  40. Ito U Hakamata Y Kawakami E Oyanagi K 2009 Degeneration of astrocytic processes and their mitochondria in cerebral cortical regions peripheral to the cortical infarction: heterogeneity of their disintegration is closely associated with disseminated selective neuronal necrosis and maturation of injury Stroke 40 6 2173 81 19359621
  41. Justicia C Gabriel C Planas AM 2000 Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway following transient focal cerebral ischemia: signaling through Jak1 and Stat3 in astrocytes Glia 30 3 253 70 10756075
  42. Karl J Gottfried C Tramontina F Dunkley P Rodnight R Goncalves CA 2000 GFAP phosphorylation studied in digitonin-permeabilized astrocytes: standardization of conditions Brain Res 853 1 32 40 10627305
  43. Kazanis I 2005 CNS injury research; reviewing the last decade: methodological errors and a proposal for a new strategy Brain Res Brain Res Rev 50 2 377 86 16274749
  44. Kilinc D Gallo G Barbee KA 2009 Mechanical membrane injury induces axonal beading through localized activation of calpain Exp Neurol 219 2 553 61 19619536 PMC2747288
  45. Klopstein A Santos-Nogueira E Francos-Quijorna I Redensek A David S Navarro X Lopez-Vales R 2012 Beneficial effects of alphaB-crystallin in spinal cord contusion injury J Neurosci 32 42 14478 88 23077034 PMC6621445
  46. Koyama Y Goldman JE 1999 Formation of GFAP cytoplasmic inclusions in astrocytes and their disaggregation by alphaB-crystallin Am J Pathol 154 5 1563 72 10329608 PMC1866599
  47. Kwon BK Casha S Hurlbert RJ Yong VW 2011 Inflammatory and structural biomarkers in acute traumatic spinal cord injury Clin Chem Lab Med 49 3 425 33 21175377
  48. Lafrenaye AD McGinn MJ Povlishock JT 2012 Increased intracranial pressure after diffuse traumatic brain injury exacerbates neuronal somatic membrane poration but not axonal injury: evidence for primary intracranial pressure-induced neuronal perturbation J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 32 10 1919 32 22781336 PMC3463883
  49. Lee YB Du S Rhim H Lee EB Markelonis GJ Oh TH 2000 Rapid increase in immunoreactivity to GFAP in astrocytes in vitro induced by acidic pH is mediated by calcium influx and calpain I Brain Res 864 2 220 9 10802029
  50. Li DR Zhang F Wang Y Tan XH Qiao DF Wang HJ Michiue T Maeda H 2012 Quantitative analysis of GFAP- and S100 protein-immunopositive astrocytes to investigate the severity of traumatic brain injury Leg Med (Tokyo) 14 2 84 92 22301378
  51. Li H Guo Y Teng J Ding M Yu AC Chen J 2006 14-3-3gamma affects dynamics and integrity of glial filaments by binding to phosphorylated GFAP J Cell Sci 119 Pt 21 4452 61 17032734
  52. Lubieniecka JM Streijger F Lee JH Stoynov N Liu J Mottus R Pfeifer T Kwon BK Coorssen JR Foster LJ 2011 Biomarkers for severity of spinal cord injury in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats PLoS One 6 4 e19247 21559420 PMC3084780
  53. Lukaszevicz AC Sampaio N Guegan C Benchoua A Couriaud C Chevalier E Sola B Lacombe P Onteniente B 2002 High sensitivity of protoplasmic cortical astroglia to focal ischemia J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22 3 289 98 11891434
  54. Lusardi TA Smith DH Wolf JA Meaney DF 2003 The separate roles of calcium and mechanical forces in mediating cell death in mechanically injured neurons Biorheology 40 1–3 401 9 12454433
  55. Lytle JM Wrathall JR 2007 Glial cell loss, proliferation and replacement in the contused murine spinal cord Eur J Neurosci 25 6 1711 24 17432960
  56. Martinez A Carmona M Portero-Otin M Naudi A Pamplona R Ferrer I 2008 Type-dependent oxidative damage in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: cortical astrocytes are targets of oxidative damage J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 67 12 1122 36 19018247
  57. Mellgren RL Zhang W Miyake K McNeil PL 2007 Calpain is required for the rapid, calcium-dependent repair of wounded plasma membrane J Biol Chem 282 4 2567 75 17121849
  58. Mills LR Velumian AA Agrawal SK Theriault E Fehlings MG 2004 Confocal imaging of changes in glial calcium dynamics and homeostasis after mechanical injury in rat spinal cord white matter Neuroimage 21 3 1069 82 15006675
  59. Mondello S Papa L Buki A Bullock MR Czeiter E Tortella FC Wang KK Hayes RL 2011 Neuronal and glial markers are differently associated with computed tomography findings and outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a case control study Crit Care 15 3 R156 21702960 PMC3219030
  60. Nam S Buettner R Turkson J Kim D Cheng JQ Muehlbeyer S Hippe F Vatter S Merz KH Eisenbrand G 2005 Indirubin derivatives inhibit Stat3 signaling and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102 17 5998 6003 15837920 PMC1087919
  61. Neary JT Kang Y Willoughby KA Ellis EF 2003 Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by stretch-induced injury in astrocytes involves extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic receptors J Neurosci 23 6 2348 56 12657694 PMC6742014
  62. Newcombe J Woodroofe MN Cuzner ML 1986 Distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein in gliosed human white matter J Neurochem 47 6 1713 9 3772373
  63. Nicholl ID Quinlan RA 1994 Chaperone activity of alpha-crystallins modulates intermediate filament assembly EMBO J 13 4 945 53 7906647 PMC394896
  64. Okonkwo DO Yue JK Puccio AM Panczykowski DM Inoue T McMahon PJ Sorani MD Yuh EL Lingsma HF Maas AI 2013 GFAP-BDP as an acute diagnostic marker in traumatic brain injury: results from the prospective transforming research and clinical knowledge in traumatic brain injury study J Neurotrauma 30 17 1490 7 23489259 PMC3751263
  65. Opii WO Nukala VN Sultana R Pandya JD Day KM Merchant ML Klein JB Sullivan PG Butterfield DA 2007 Proteomic identification of oxidized mitochondrial proteins following experimental traumatic brain injury Journal of Neurotrauma 24 5 772 789 17518533
  66. Pelinka LE Kroepfl A Schmidhammer R Krenn M Buchinger W Redl H Raabe A 2004 Glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum after traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma J Trauma 57 5 1006 12 15580024
  67. Reich NC 2009 STAT3 revs up the powerhouse Sci Signal 2 90 pe61 19797267
  68. Rzigalinski BA Weber JT Willoughby KA Ellis EF 1998 Intracellular free calcium dynamics in stretch-injured astrocytes J Neurochem 70 6 2377 85 9603202
  69. Salter MG Fern R 2008 The mechanisms of acute ischemic injury in the cell processes of developing white matter astrocytes J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28 3 588 601 17912272
  70. Sandoval M Luarte A Herrera-Molina R Varas-Godoy M Santibanez M Rubio FJ Smit AB Gundelfinger ED Li KW Smalla KH 2013 The glycolytic enzyme aldolase C is up-regulated in rat forebrain microsomes and in the cerebrospinal fluid after repetitive fluoxetine treatment Brain Res 1520 1 14 23688545
  71. Sarafian TA Montes C Imura T Qi J Coppola G Geschwind DH Sofroniew MV 2010 Disruption of astrocyte STAT3 signaling decreases mitochondrial function and increases oxidative stress in vitro PLoS One 5 3 e9532 20224768 PMC2835741
  72. Scafidi S O’Brien J Hopkins I Robertson C Fiskum G McKenna M 2009 Delayed cerebral oxidative glucose metabolism after traumatic brain injury in young rats J Neurochem 109 Suppl 1 189 97 19393027 PMC2692097
  73. Shen S Loo RR Wanner IB Loo JA 2014 Addressing the needs of traumatic brain injury with clinical proteomics Clin Proteomics 11 1 11 24678615 PMC3976360
  74. Shevchenko A Wilm M Vorm O Mann M 1996 Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels Anal Chem 68 5 850 8 8779443
  75. Shreiber DI Bain AC Ross DT Smith DH Gennarelli TA McIntosh TK Meaney DF 1999 Experimental investigation of cerebral contusion: histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of dynamic cortical deformation J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58 2 153 64 10029098
  76. Shu SY Ju G Fan LZ 1988 The glucose oxidase-DAB-nickel method in peroxidase histochemistry of the nervous system Neurosci Lett 85 2 169 71 3374833
  77. Sjodin MO Bergquist J Wetterhall M 2010 Mining ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from patients with traumatic brain injury using hexapeptide ligand libraries to search for trauma biomarkers J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 878 22 2003 2012 20542479
  78. Sondej M Doran P Loo JA Wanner I 2011 Sample preparation of primary astrocyte cellular and released proteins for 2-D gel electrophoresis and protein identification by mass spectrometry Ivanov A Lazarev A Sample preparation in biological mass spectrometry Dordrecht Springer 829 849
  79. Sriram K Benkovic SA Hebert MA Miller DB O’Callaghan JP 2004 Induction of gp130-related cytokines and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in astrocytes precedes up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of neurodegeneration: key signaling pathway for astrogliosis in vivo? J Biol Chem 279 19 19936 47 14996842
  80. Tang-Schomer MD Patel AR Baas PW Smith DH 2010 Mechanical breaking of microtubules in axons during dynamic stretch injury underlies delayed elasticity, microtubule disassembly, and axon degeneration FASEB J 24 5 1401 10 20019243 PMC2879950
  81. Topp KS Faddis BT Vijayan VK 1989 Trauma-induced proliferation of astrocytes in the brains of young and aged rats Glia 2 3 201 11 2526082
  82. Wanner IB 2012 An in vitro trauma model to study rodent and human astrocyte reactivity Methods Mol Biol 814 189 219 22144309
  83. Wanner IB Deik M Torres M Rosendahl AR Neary JT Lemmon VP Bixby JL 2008 A new in vitro model of the glial scar inhibits axon growth Glia 56 15 1691 1709 18618667 PMC3161731
  84. Whalen MJ Dalkara T You Z Qiu J Bermpohl D Mehta N Suter B Bhide PG Lo EH Ericsson M 2008 Acute plasmalemma permeability and protracted clearance of injured cells after controlled cortical impact in mice J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28 3 490 505 17713463 PMC2711980
  85. Zhao X Ahram A Berman RF Muizelaar JP Lyeth BG 2003 Early loss of astrocytes after experimental traumatic brain injury Glia 44 2 140 52 14515330

Authors
Levine, J., Kwon, E., Paez, P., Yan, W., Czerwieniec, G., Loo, J. A., Sofroniew, M. V., & Wanner, I.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
Corresponding author
Wanner, Ina‐Beate
ORCID
Venue
Glia
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2015-12-19
Volume
64
Issue
5
Pages
668-694
ISSN
  • 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-1136
DOI
10.1002/glia.22953
PMC
PMC4805454
OpenAlex
W2214778242
Cited by
76
References
95
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5
FWCI
3.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Glia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1R21NS072606 to IBW; R01NS057624 to MVS; and R01GM104610 to JAL)
  • Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Trauma, Hemostasis, Coagulopathy, Resuscitation
Keywords
astrocytes, traumatic brain injury, stretch injury, mechanoporation, cell lysis, proteomic signatures, STAT3, cell survival, PEA-15, glial fibrillary acidic protein, reactive astrocytes, alpha-crystallin, alphaB-crystallin, metabolic depression, cell death, diagnostic biomarkers
MeSH terms
Animals, Apolipoproteins E, Astrocytes, Cells, Cultured, Cerebral Cortex, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peptide Fragments, Mass Spectrometry, Spinal Cord Injuries, Stress, Mechanical, Signal Transduction, Mice, Knockout, Proteomics, Green Fluorescent Proteins, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice, Transcriptome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review