Responding to COVID-19: how to navigate a public health emergency legally and ethically
Open accessAbstract
Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified Covid‐19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties?
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The COVID-19 pandemic continues to highlight the substantial healthcare gaps in society that greatly affect marginalized people's access to quality care.
“One such emergency situation is the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to highlight the substantial healthcare gaps in society that greatly affect marginalized people's access to quality care (Gostin, Friedman, & Wetter, 2020).”
From Addressing the need for indigenous and decolonized quantitative research methods in Canada (2021) · cites this paper as Gostin, Friedman, & Wetter, 2020
Scholars have raised concerns over travel, ethical, legal and equity challenges during confinement in the COVID-19 pandemic.
“In the current response to the COVID-19 pandemic, scholars have raised concerns over travel, ethical, legal and equity challenges during confinement.13–16”
From Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response (2020) · cites this paper as [13]
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Shah, A., & Aacharya, R. P. (2020) · Journal of Nepal Medical Association · doi:10.31729/jnma.4959 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Double jeopardy; What happens when an epidemic is followed by an earthquake?
Ćurković, M., Svetina, L., & Košec, A. (2021) · Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sste.2021.100402 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Policing in a pandemic: how law enforcement communicates with the public
Farmer, A. K., & Copenhaver, A. (2021) · Policing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/pijpsm-10-2020-0162 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Covid-19 Preparedness and Response Capability: A Case Study of the Hanoi Primary Healthcare System
Hoang, M. V., Tran, A. T., Vu, T. T., & Duong, T. K. (2021) · Health Services Insights · doi:10.1177/11786329211019224 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Conn, L. G., Coburn, N. G., Prospero, L. D., Hallet, J. I., Legere, L., MacCharles, T., Slutsker, J., Tagger, R., Wright, F. C., & Haas, B. (2022) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100147 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Desafíos bioéticos en el contexto de la pandemia por el COVID-19 en Latinoamérica
Fuentes, D., & Ángulo-Bazán, Y. (2020) · Revista latinoamericana de bioética · doi:10.18359/rlbi.4786 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Esmonde, K., Jones, J. A., Johns, M., Hutler, B., Faden, R., & Barnhill, A. (2024) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13751 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Khorram-Manesh, R., & Khorram‐Manesh, A. (2024) · AIMS Public Health · doi:10.3934/publichealth.2024047 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhao, X., Jin, A., & Hu, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.763490 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bibler, T. M., & Zainab, A. (2023) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2023.03.014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
DePergola, P. A. (2020) · Journal of Health Ethics · doi:10.18785/ojhe.1601.04 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ganesh, C., Schmeltz, M. T., & Smith, J. A. (2020) · The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics · doi:10.1177/1073110520979370 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Emotional Variables in a Sample of Chileans
Tovar, M. G., & Hernández-Rodríguez, S. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.615268 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gostin, L. O., Friedman, E. A., & Wetter, S. A.
- Venue
- Hastings Center Report
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 8-12
- ISSN
- 0093-0334 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-146X
- PMC
- PMC7228225
- OpenAlex
- W3013043328
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 38.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Hastings Center Report (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The scholarly Commons (Georgetown) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Emergency Medical Services › Disaster Response and Management
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, public health emergencies, pandemic ethics, scarce resource allocation, health care capacity, marginalized communities, health care access, civil liberties, legal obligations, vulnerable populations, family separation
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Emergencies, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Public Health, United States, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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