Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members: rationale and their potential as therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis
Abstract
The cross-linking of structural extracellular matrix (ECM) components, especially fibrillar collagens and elastin, is strongly implicated in fibrosis progression and resistance to fibrosis reversal. Lysyl oxidase family members (LOX and LOXL1 [lysyl oxidase-like 1], LOXL2 [lysyl oxidase-like 2], LOXL3 [lysyl oxidase-like 3], and LOXL4 [lysyl oxidase like 4]) are extracellular copper-dependent enzymes that play a key role in ECM cross-linking, but have also other intracellular functions relevant to fibrosis and carcinogenesis. Although the expression of most LOX family members is elevated in experimental liver fibrosis of diverse etiologies, their individual contribution to fibrosis is incompletely understood. Inhibition of the LOX family as a whole and of LOX, LOXL1, and LOXL2 specifically has been shown to suppress fibrosis progression and accelerate its reversal in rodent models of cardiac, renal, pulmonary, and liver fibrosis. Recent disappointing clinical trials with a monoclonal antibody against LOXL2 (simtuzumab) in patients with pulmonary and liver fibrosis dampened enthusiasm for LOX family member inhibition. However, this unexpected negative outcome may be related to the inefficient antibody, rather than to LOXL2, not qualifying as a relevant antifibrotic target. Moreover, LOX family members other than LOXL2 may prove to be attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the structural hallmarks, expression patterns, covalent cross-linking activities, and modes of regulation of LOX family members and discuss the clinical potential of their inhibition to treat fibrosis in general and liver fibrosis in particular.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Simtuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody against LOXL2.
“Simtuzumab is a humanised monoclonal antibody against lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), which has raised much hope for treatment of fibrosis in both NASH and PSC, since LOXL2 contributes to fibrogenesis by cross-linkage of collagen and regulates bile duct permeability.225 226”
From Novel therapeutic targets for cholestatic and fatty liver disease (2022) · cites this paper as [225]
Cites
Fagerberg, L., Hallström, B. M., Oksvold, P., Kampf, C., Djureinovic, D., Odeberg, J., Habuka, M., Tahmasebpoor, S., Danielsson, A., Edlund, K., et al. (2014) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1074/mcp.m113.035600 · Cited by 3,665 · see citing works
Schuppan, D., & Afdhal, N. H. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60383-9 · Cited by 2,089 · see citing works
Self-citationMarcellin, P., Gane, E., Buti, M., Afdhal, N., Sievert, W., Jacobson, I. M., Washington, M. K., Germanidis, G., Flaherty, J. F., Schall, R. A., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61425-1 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
A comparative encyclopedia of DNA elements in the mouse genome
Yue, F., Cheng, Y., Breschi, A., Vierstra, J., Wu, W., Ryba, T., Sandstrom, R., Ma, Z., Davis, C., Pope, B. D., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13992 · Cited by 1,781 · see citing works
The role of macrophages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Kazankov, K., Jørgensen, S. M. D., Thomsen, K. L., Møller, H. J., Vilstrup, H., George, J., Schuppan, D., & Grønbæk, H. (2019) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-018-0082-x · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Self-citationBarry-Hamilton, V., Spangler, R., Marshall, D., McCauley, S., Rodriguez, H. M., Oyasu, M., Mikels, A., Vaysberg, M., Ghermazien, H., Wai, C., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2208 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Hepatic fibrosis: concept to treatment
Trautwein, C., Friedman, S. L., Schuppan, D., & Pinzani, M. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.039 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolving therapies for liver fibrosis
Schuppan, D., & Kim, Y. O. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci66028 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Self-citationThe rationale for targeting the LOX family in cancer
Barker, H. E., Cox, T. R., & Erler, J. T. (2012) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3319 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
Increased stiffness of the rat liver precedes matrix deposition: implications for fibrosis
Georges, P. C., Hui, J.-J., Gombos, Z., McCormick, M. E., Wang, A. Y., Uemura, M., Mick, R., Janmey, P. A., Furth, E. E., & Wells, R. G. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00032.2007 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Matrix as a Modulator of Hepatic Fibrogenesis
Schuppan, D., Ruehl, M., Somasundaram, R., & Hahn, E. G. (2001) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-2001-17556 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
Self-citationThe good and the bad collagens of fibrosis – Their role in signaling and organ function
Karsdal, M. A., Nielsen, S. H., Leeming, D. J., Langholm, L. L., Nielsen, M. J., Manon-Jensen, T., Siebuhr, A., Gudmann, N. S., Rønnow, S., Sand, J. M., et al. (2017) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.014 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationIssa, R., Zhou, X., Constandinou, C. M., Fallowfield, J. A., Millward‐Sadler, H., Gaça, M. D. A., Sands, E., Suliman, I., Trim, N., & Knorr, A. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.03.009 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Liver fibrosis: Direct antifibrotic agents and targeted therapies
Schuppan, D., Ashfaq–Khan, M., Yang, A. T., & Kim, Y. O. (2018) · Matrix Biology · doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.006 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Self-citationHarrison, S. A., Abdelmalek, M. F., Caldwell, S., Shiffman, M. L., Diehl, A. M., Ghalib, R., Lawitz, E. J., Rockey, D. C., Schall, R. A., Jia, C., et al. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.006 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Structure of the Extracellular Matrix in Normal and Fibrotic Liver: Collagens and Glycoproteins
Schuppan, D. (1990) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1040452 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Self-citationIkenaga, N., Peng, Z., Vaid, K. A., Liu, S. B., Yoshida, S., Sverdlov, D., Mikels, A. J., Smith, V., Schuppan, D., & Popov, Y. V. (2017) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312473 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationSafety of antisense oligonucleotide and siRNA-based therapeutics
Chi, X., Gatti, P. J., & Papoian, T. (2017) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.013 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Raghu, G., Brown, K. K., Collard, H. R., Cottin, V., Gibson, K. F., Kaner, R. J., Lederer, D. J., Martinez, F. J., Noble, P. W., Song, J. W., et al. (2017) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30421-0 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Targeting LOXL2 for cardiac interstitial fibrosis and heart failure treatment
Yang, J., Savvatis, K., Kang, J. S., Fan, P., Zhong, H., Schwartz, K., Barry, V., Mikels, A. J., Karpinski, S., Kornyeyev, D., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13710 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Wong, C. C., Tse, A. P., Huang, Y., Zhu, Y., Chiu, D. K., Lai, R. K., Au, S. L., Kai, A. K., Lee, J. M., Wei, L. L., et al. (2014) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27320 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Structural and functional diversity of lysyl oxidase and the LOX-like proteins
Molnár, J., Fong, K. S. K., He, Q., Hayashi, K., Kim, Y., Fong, S. F. T., Fogelgren, B., Szauter, K. M., Mink, M., & Csiszár, K. (2003) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/s1570-9639(03)00053-0 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Liu, S. B., Ikenaga, N., Peng, Z., Sverdlov, D. Y., Greenstein, A., Smith, V., Schuppan, D., & Popov, Y. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-268425 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationLysyl Oxidase–Like 2 as a New Poor Prognosis Marker of Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Peinado, H., Moreno‐Bueno, G., Hardisson, D., Pérez-Gómez, E., Santos, V., Mendiola, M., de Diego, J. I., Nistal, M., Quintanilla, M., Portillo, F., et al. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6345 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Mechanisms of liver fibrosis resolution
Tacke, F., & Trautwein, C. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.039 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Muir, A. J., Levy, C., Janssen, H. L. A., Montano‐Loza, A. J., Shiffman, M. L., Caldwell, S., Luketic, V., Ding, D., Jia, C., McColgan, B. J., et al. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30237 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Fibroblast-specific inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling attenuates lung and tumor fibrosis
Wei, Y., Kim, T. J., Peng, D. H., Duan, D., Gibbons, D. L., Yamauchi, M., Jackson, J., Saux, C. J. L., Calhoun, C., Peters, J. I., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci94624 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Perepelyuk, M., Terajima, M., Wang, A. Y., Georges, P. C., Janmey, P. A., Yamauchi, M., & Wells, R. G. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00222.2012 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Vadasz, Z., Kessler, O., Akiri, G., Gengrinovitch, S., Kagan, H. M., Baruch, Y., Izhak, O. B., & Neufeld, G. (2005) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.02.052 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Lysyl Oxidase, a Targetable Secreted Molecule Involved in Cancer Metastasis
Cox, T. R., Gartland, A., & Erler, J. T. (2016) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2306 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, L., et al. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29009 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Comparative analysis of lysyl oxidase (like) family members in pulmonary fibrosis
Aumiller, V., Strobel, B., Romeike, M., Schuler, M. J., Stierstorfer, B., & Kreuz, S. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00270-0 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Colchicine, D-Penicillamine, and Prednisone in the Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Selman, M., Carrillo, G., Salas, J., Pérez‐Padilla, R., Pèrez-Chavira, R., Sansores, R., & Chapela, R. (1998) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.114.2.507 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Schilter, H. C., Findlay, A. D., Perryman, L., Yow, T. T., Moses, J., Zahoor, A., Turner, C. I., Deodhar, M., Foot, J. S., Zhou, W., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.14074 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Lysyl oxidase in cancer inhibition and metastasis
Johnston, K. A., & Lopez, K. M. (2018) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.006 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hayashi, K., Fong, K. S. K., Mercier, F., Boyd, C. D., Csiszár, K., & Hayashi, M. (2004) · The Histochemical Journal · doi:10.1007/s10735-004-2340-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Meissner, E. G., McLaughlin, M. E., Matthews, L., Gharib, A. M., Wood, B. J., Levy, E. B., Sinkus, R., Virtaneva, K. I., Sturdevant, D. E., Martens, C., et al. (2016) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.13177 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Zhao, W., Yang, A., Chen, W., Wang, P., Liu, T., Cong, M., Xu, A., Yan, X., Jia, J., & You, H. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.019 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationLOXL2—A New Target in Antifibrogenic Therapy?
Puente, A., Fortea, J. I., Cabezas, J., Arias Loste, M. T., Iruzubieta, P., Llerena, S., Huelin, P., Fábrega, E., & Crespo, J. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20071634 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Dongiovanni, P., Meroni, M., Baselli, G., Bassani, G. A., Rametta, R., Pietrelli, A., Maggioni, M., Facciotti, F., Trunzo, V., Badiali, S., et al. (2017) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20170175 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Lysyl oxidase promotes bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through modulating inflammation
Cheng, T., Liu, Q., Zhang, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Yu, R., & Ge, G. (2014) · Journal of Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1093/jmcb/mju039 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Ovet, H., & Öztay, F. (2014) · Biological Trace Element Research · doi:10.1007/s12011-014-0142-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Li, S., Yang, X., Li, W., Li, J., Su, X., Chen, L., & Yan, G. (2012) · Respiration · doi:10.1159/000340041 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lysyl oxidase like-2 contributes to renal fibrosis in Col4α3/Alport mice
Cosgrove, D. E., Dufek, B. M., Meehan, D. T., et al. (2018) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.02.024 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Inhibition of the LOX enzyme family members with old and new ligands. Selectivity analysis revisited
Hajdú, I., Kardos, J., Major, B., Fabó, G., Lőrincz, Z., Cseh, S., & Dormán, G. (2018) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.001 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Verstovšek, S., Savona, M. R., Mesa, R. A., Dong, H., Maltzman, J. D., Sharma, S., Silverman, J. A., Oh, S. T., & Gotlib, J. R. (2017) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/bjh.14501 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Ma, L., Zeng, Y., Wei, J., Yang, D., Ding, G., Liu, J., Shang, J., Kang, Y., & Ji, X. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.156 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
de Bruyn, J. R., BRINK, G. R. V. D., Steenkamer, J., Buskens, C. J., Bemelman, W. A., Meisner, S., Muncan, V., Velde, A. A. T., D’Haens, G., & Wildenberg, M. E. (2018) · Journal of Crohn s and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy036 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Tetrathiomolybdate Protects against Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury and Fibrosis
Song, M., Song, Z., Barve, S. S., Zhang, J., Chen, T., Liu, M., Arteel, G. E., Brewer, G. J., & McClain, C. J. (2008) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.107.131227 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Chen, W., Yan, X., Xu, A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.28827 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationStangenberg, S., Saad, S., Schilter, H. C., Zaky, A. A., Gill, A. J., Pollock, C. A., & Wong, M. G. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27462-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sequential histopathologic alterations in Indian childhood cirrhosis treated with d-penicillamine
Bhusnurmath, S. R., Walia, B. N. S., Singh, S., et al. (1991) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/0046-8177(91)90287-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lysyl oxidase enzymes mediate TGF-β1-induced fibrotic phenotypes in human skin-like tissues
Huang, M., Liu, Z., Baugh, L. M., DeFuria, J., Maione, A. G., Smith, A., Kashpur, O., Black, L. D., Georgakoudi, I., Whitfield, M. L., et al. (2018) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-018-0159-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Targeting lysyl oxidase reduces peritoneal fibrosis
Harlow, C. R., Wu, X., van Deemter, M., Gardiner, F., Poland, C. A., Green, R., Sarvi, S., Brown, P., Kadler, K. E., Lu, Y., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Casado, J. L., Quereda, C., Moreno, A. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Viral Hepatitis · doi:10.1111/jvh.12108 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Perturbations to lysyl oxidase expression broadly influence the transcriptome of lung fibroblasts
Mižíková, I., Palumbo, F., Tábi, T., et al. (2017) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00026.2017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wen, X., Liu, Y., Bai, Y. Z., Li, M., Fu, Q., & Zheng, Y. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3927 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Reversal of Indian Childhood Cirrhosis by D-Penicillamine Therapy
Pradhan, A. M., Bhave, S. A., Joshi, V. V., et al. (1995) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/00005176-199501000-00006 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
D-Penicillamine Prevents Collagen Accumulation in Lungs of Rats Given Bleomycin
Geismar, L. S., Hennessey, S., Reiser, K. M., et al. (1986) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.89.3_supplement.153s · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Loss of Lysyl Oxidase-like 3 Attenuates Embryonic Lung Development in Mice
Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, T., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep33856 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effect of D-penicillamine on liver fibrosis and inflammation in Wilson disease.
Kazemi, K., Geramizadeh, B., Nikeghbalian, S., et al. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Efficacy of tetrathiomolybdate in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Hou, G., Abrams, G. D., Dick, R., et al. (2008) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2008.09.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wan, Z., Li, G., Guo, Y., Li, W.-Z., Chen, L., & Zhang, Y. (2018) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.01.011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Is This the Last Requiem for Simtuzumab?
Fickert, P. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30309 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Great expectations for simtuzumab in IPF fall short
Meyer, K. C. (2016) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30420-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effect of lysyl oxidase ( LOX ) on corpus cavernous fibrosis caused by ischaemic priapism
Gao, L., Wu, C., Fu, F., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.13411 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sakaida, I., Kawaguchi, K., Kimura, T., et al. (2005) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-005-1600-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Systematic quantification of histological patterns shows accuracy in reflecting cirrhotic remodeling
Wang, Y., Huang, W. M., Li, R., Yun, Z., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Feng, Q., & Hou, J. (2017) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.13722 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Puente, Á., Fortea, J. I., Posadas, M., García-Blanco, A., Rasines, L., Cabezas, J., Arias, M., Llerena, S., Iruzubieta, P., Fábrega, E., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8081242 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Targeting integrin pathways: mechanisms and advances in therapy
Pang, X., He, X., Qiu, Z., Zhang, H., Xie, R., Liu, Z., Gu, Y., Zhao, N., Xiang, Q., & Cui, Y. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01259-6 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Yang, W., He, H., Wang, T., Su, N., Zhang, F., Jiang, K., Zhu, J., Zhang, C., Niu, K., Wang, L., et al. (2021) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.31987 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Novel therapeutic targets for cholestatic and fatty liver disease
Trauner, M., & Fuchs, C. D. (2022) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324305 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Fertala, A. (2020) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering7040155 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Xiong, J., Xiao, R., Zhao, J., Zhao, Q., Luo, M., Li, F., Zhang, W., & Wu, M. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04810-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Ning, Y., Zhou, I. Y., Roberts, J. D., Rotile, N. J., Akam, E., Barrett, S. C., Sojoodi, M., Barr, M. N., Punshon, T., Pantazopoulos, P., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6297 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Remodeling of imbalanced extracellular matrix homeostasis for reversal of pancreatic fibrosis
Qi, L., Han, H., Han, M.-M., Sun, Y., Xing, L., Jiang, H.-L., Pandol, S. J., & Li, L. (2023) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121945 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sinusoidal communication in chronic liver disease
Gibert-Ramos, A., Andrés-Rozas, M., Pastó, R., Alfaro-Retamero, P., Guixé-Muntet, S., & Gracia-Sancho, J. (2025) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2024.0734 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Targeting tumor extracellular matrix with nanoparticles to circumvent therapeutic resistance
Ding, X., Liang, Y., Zhou, S., Wu, Y., Sałata, P., Mikolajczk-Martinez, A., Khosrawipour, V., & Zhang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113786 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Lysyl oxidase inhibitors in colorectal cancer progression
Liu, M., Wang, J., & Liu, M. (2025) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102233 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, W., Yang, A., Jia, J., Popov, Y. V., Schuppan, D., & You, H.
- Affiliations
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schuppan, Detlef
- You, Hong
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2020-08
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 729-741
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-3350
- OpenAlex
- W3012463633
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Interstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
- Keywords
- lysyl oxidase, liver fibrosis, extracellular matrix cross-linking, LOXL2, LOXL1, LOXL3, LOXL4, copper enzymes, fibrosis reversal, collagen cross-linking, elastin
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
