The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Managing customers as human resources in service organizations
Abstract
On‐site service encounters blur the organizational boundary between employees and customers. The strategic trade‐offs involved in having customers on‐site, and the HRM practices that can influence the satisfaction and performance of customers within the organization, are described. Central points include the HRM practices that foster a climate for service and that provide customers the role clarity, ability, and motivation they require to contribute to service production and delivery.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Boundary spanning roles and organization structure
Aldrich, H., & Herker, D. (1977) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/257905 · Cited by 1,518
Cited by
Service Innovation: A Service-Dominant Logic Perspective1
Lusch, R. F., & Nambisan, S. (2015) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2015/39.1.07 · Cited by 1,949
Switching barriers and repurchase intentions in services
Jones, M. A., Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Beatty, S. E. (2000) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/s0022-4359(00)00024-5 · Cited by 1,571
Designing Virtual Customer Environments for New Product Development: Toward a Theory
Nambisan, S. (2002) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2002.7389914 · Cited by 1,026
Jones, M. A., Mothersbaugh, D. L., & Beatty, S. E. (2002) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(00)00168-5 · Cited by 909
“Service Encounter 2.0”: An investigation into the roles of technology, employees and customers
Larivière, B., Bowen, D., Andreassen, T. W., Kunz, W., Sirianni, N. J., Voss, C., Wünderlich, N. V., & De Keyser, A. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.008 · Cited by 779
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bowen, D. E.
- Venue
- Human Resource Management
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1986-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 371-383
- ISSN
- 0090-4848 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-050X
- OpenAlex
- W2093885671
- Cited by
- 531
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Managing customers as human resources in service organizations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/hrm.3930250304
- The paper
- Bowen, D. E. (1986). Managing customers as human resources in service organizations. Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930250304
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.