BTKbase: the mutation database for X-linked agammaglobulinemia
Open accessAbstract
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a hereditary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene encoding Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). XLA patients have a decreased number of mature B cells and a lack of all immunoglobulin isotypes, resulting in susceptibility to severe bacterial infections. XLA-causing mutations are collected in a mutation database (BTKbase), which is available at http://bioinf.uta.fi/BTKbase. For each patient the following information is given (when available): the identification of the entry, a plain English description of the mutation followed by a reference, formal characterization of the mutation, and the various parameters from the patient. BTKbase is implemented with the MUTbase program suite, which provides an easy, interactive, and quality controlled submission of information to mutation databases. BTKbase version 8 lists mutation entries of 1,111 patients from 973 unrelated families showing 602 unique molecular events. The localization of the mutations on the gene and protein for BTK can be analyzed by clicking sequences on the web pages. The distribution of the mutations in the five structural domains is approximately proportional to the length of the domains, except for the Tec homology (TH) domain. The most frequently affected sites are CpG dinucleotides. The majority of the missense mutations are structural-disturbing Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) folding or decreasing stability. Many of the mutations affect functionally significant, conserved residues. The structural consequences of the mutations in all the domains have been studied based on crystallographic and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structures as well as computer-aided molecular modeling.
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The C481S mutation is not known to cause the X-linked agammaglobulinemia phenotype but instead results in retained catalytic activity.
“This mutation is not known to cause the X-linked agammaglobulinemia phenotype31 but instead results in retained catalytic activity.”
From Resistance Mechanisms for the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Ibrutinib (2014) · cites this paper as [31]
The citation is attached to the claim that C481S is not known to cause the X-linked agammaglobulinemia phenotype. The Mutation Statistics section discusses tolerated substitutions generally, but our copy does not address C481S specifically (searched: C481S, 481, and the phenotype claim). The retained-catalytic-activity clause falls after the citation and is not assessed as attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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- Authors
- Väliaho, J., Smith, C. I. E., & Vihinen, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tampere (FI)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Tampere University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Vihinen, Mauno
- ORCID
- Vihinen, Mauno
- Venue
- Human Mutation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1209-1217
- ISSN
- 1059-7794 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1004
- OpenAlex
- W1967796318
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Mutation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Tays
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Keywords
- X-linked agammaglobulinemia, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, BTK mutations, mutation database, hereditary immunodeficiency, missense mutations, protein domain structure, CpG, protein stability, B cell deficiency
- MeSH terms
- Agammaglobulinemia, Amino Acid Sequence, Humans, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Databases, Genetic, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked
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