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The impact of ditch blocking on the hydrological functioning of blanket peatlands
Open accessAbstract
Ditch blocking in blanket peatlands is common as part of peatland restoration. The effects of ditch blocking on flow regimes and nearby water tables were examined in a field trial. After an initial 6‐month monitoring period, eight ditches had peat dams installed 10 m apart along their entire length (dammed), four of these ditches were also partially infilled through bank reprofiling (reprofiled). Four ditches were left open with no dams or reprofiling (open). These 12 ditches and the surrounding peat were monitored for 4 more years. An initial five‐fold reduction in discharge occurred in the dammed and the reprofiled ditches with the displaced water being diverted to overland flow and pathways away from the ditches. However, there was a gradual change over time in ditch flow regime in subsequent years, with the overall volume of water leaving the dammed and the reprofiled ditches increasing per unit of rainfall to around twice that which occurred in the first year after blocking. Hence, monitoring for greater than one year is important for understanding hydrological impacts of peatland restoration. Overland flow and flow in the upper ~4 cm of peat was common and occurred in the inter‐ditch areas for over half of the time after ditch blocking. There was strong evidence that topographic boundaries of small ditch catchments, despite being defined using a high‐resolution Light Detection And Ranging‐based terrain model, were not always equivalent to actual catchment areas. Hence, caution is needed when upscaling area‐based fluxes, such as aquatic carbon fluxes, from smaller scale studies including those using ditches and small streams. The effect of ditch blocking on local water tables was spatially highly variable but small overall (time‐weighted mean effect <2 cm). Practitioners seeking to raise water tables through peatland restoration should first be informed either by prior measurement of water tables or by spatial modelling to show whether the peatland already has shallow water tables or whether there are locations that could potentially undergo large water‐table recoveries.
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Due to the ability of ditches to defy natural watershed boundaries, the land areas with which ditches interact hydrologically can prove challenging to delineate, which can hinder the upscaling of aquatic fluxes of carbon and other solutes.
“Due to the ability of ditches to defy natural watershed boundaries, the land areas with which ditches interact hydrologically can prove challenging to delineate, which can hinder the upscaling of aquatic fluxes of carbon and other solutes 118 .”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [118]
Management can include channelization, dredging, vegetation removal, flow and water-level regulation, or riparian zone management, all of which have the potential to affect in-situ hydrological processes as well as the eco-hydrology of the surrounding landscape.
“Management can include channelization, dredging, vegetation removal, flow and water-level regulation 111,118,120 , or riparian zone management (e.g., vegetation removal, establishing trees, widening floodplains, fencing out livestock 104,121 ), all of which have the potential to affect insitu hydrological processes as well as the eco-hydrology of the surrounding landscape.”
From Lines in the landscape (2025) · cites this paper as [118]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Holden, J., Green, S. M., Baird, A. J., Grayson, R. P., Dooling, G. P., Chapman, P. J., Evans, C. D., Peacock, M., & Swindles, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Bangor LL57 2UP UK
- The Open University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Holden, Joseph
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hydrological Processes
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-11-24
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 525-539
- ISSN
- 0885-6087 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1085
- OpenAlex
- W2521091755
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hydrological Processes (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Open Research Online - ORO (The Open University) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Keywords
- ditch blocking, blanket peatlands, peatland restoration, surface runoff, catchment boundaries, peatland hydrology
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