The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The causal link between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer: A population‐based case‐control study in colombia and spain
Abstract
To evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, we performed a population‐based case‐control study in Colombia and Spain, the former country having an incidence rate of cervical cancer about 8 times higher than the latter. It included 436 cases of histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer and 387 randomly selected population controls. Information on demographic variables, sexual behaviour and other risk factors was obtained by interview. HPV‐DNA was measured in cervical‐swab specimens with 3 hybridization assays: ViraPap™, Southern hybridization (SH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of HPV‐DNA and detection of types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 were strongly associated with cervical cancer in each country regardless of the assay used. For both countries combined the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were: ViraPap OR = 25.9 (10.0–66.7); SH OR = 6.8 (3.4–13.4); and PCR OR = 28.8 (15.7–52.6). HPV‐16 was the most common type detected in both cases and controls. Our results indicate that there is a very strong association between HPV 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 and invasive cervical cancer and that this association is probably causal. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer
Muñoz, N., Bosch, F. X., de Sanjosé, S., Herrero, R., Castellsagué, X., Shah, K. V., Snijders, P. J. F., & Meijer, C. J. L. M. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021641 · Cited by 6,249
Self-citationPapillomaviruses in the causation of human cancers - a brief historical account
zur Hausen, H. (2009) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.046 · Cited by 1,532
Breast and cervical cancer in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis
Forouzanfar, M. H., Foreman, K. J., Delossantos, A. M., Lozano, R., Lopez, A. D., Murray, C. J. L., & Naghavi, M. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61351-2 · Cited by 1,009
Population-Based Study of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia in Rural Costa Rica
Herrero, R., Hildesheim, A., Bratti, C., Sherman, M. E., Hutchinson, M., Morales, J., Balmaceda, I., Greenberg, M. D., Alfaro, M., Burk, R. D., et al. (2000) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/92.6.464 · Cited by 586
Human papillomavirus and cancer: the epidemiological evidence
Muñoz, N. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/s1386-6532(00)00125-6 · Cited by 586
Metadata
- Authors
- Munoz, N., Bosch, F. X., de Sanjose, S., Tafur, L., Izarzugaza, I., Gili, M., Viladiu, P., Navarro, C., Martos, C., Ascunce, N., Gonzalez, L. C., Kaldor, J. M., Guerrero, E., Lorincz, A., Santamaria, M., De Ruiz, P. A., Aristizabal, N., & Shah, K.
- Venue
- International Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-11-11
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 743-749
- ISSN
- 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0215
- OpenAlex
- W2086678451
- Cited by
- 568
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 21.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The causal link between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer: A population‐based case‐control study in colombia and spain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/ijc.2910520513
- The paper
- Munoz, N., Bosch, F. X., de Sanjose, S., Tafur, L., Izarzugaza, I., Gili, M., Viladiu, P., Navarro, C., Martos, C., Ascunce, N., Gonzalez, L. C., Kaldor, J. M., Guerrero, E., Lorincz, A., Santamaria, M., De Ruiz, P. A., Aristizabal, N., & Shah, K. (1992). The causal link between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer: A population‐based case‐control study in colombia and spain. International Journal of Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910520513
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
