Outcome of the randomized control screening trials on oral, cervix and breast cancer from India and way forward in COVID‐19 pandemic situation
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Clinical breast examination is recommended by both a breast cancer screening study in the Indian population and the Indian government's screening guidelines.
“The clinical breast examination is recommended by both a breast cancer screening study in the Indian population as well as the Indian government's screening guidelines.5,7”
From The fifth round of the National Family Health Survey of India 2019 to 2021 reported low screening uptake alarming to strengthen the implementation of early detection services of the cervix, breast and oral cancer (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The paper’s Table 1 identifies clinical breast examination as the test used in the Mumbai breast-screening trial, and the main text reports a mortality reduction among women aged 50 or older. It also says India has begun a breast-cancer screening program, citing a government operational framework (reference 9). It does not say that the government guidelines specifically recommend clinical breast examination. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEvidence from randomized controlled trials conducted in India shows a positive outcome of screening and demonstrates reduced mortality of cervix, breast and oral cancers as a result of simple screening methods as well as a good referral system for diagnosis and effective treatment.
“Evidence from the randomized control trials (RCTs) conducted in India show the positive outcome of screening and demonstrates reduced mortality of cervix, breast and oral cancers as a result of simple screening methods as well as a good referral system for diagnosis and effective treatment.7”
For breast cancer, evidence suggests that women above 50 years of age should be considered for screening by clinical breast examination.
“For cervix, breast and oral cancer, it is recommended that screening should be conducted for the age group of 30 to 49; however, for breast cancer, evidence suggest that women above 50 years of age should be considered for screening by clinical breast examination.7”
Screening uptake is lower for those aged 50 years and above than for those aged 30-49 years.
“However, compared to the age range of 30 to 49 years, screening uptake is reported to be lower for those aged 50 and above.7”
From The fifth round of the National Family Health Survey of India 2019 to 2021 reported low screening uptake alarming to strengthen the implementation of early detection services of the cervix, breast and oral cancer (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The discussion of the screening trials and Table 1 report screening methods, sample sizes and mortality outcomes, but not uptake by age. The reference to women aged 50 and above concerns a reduction in breast-cancer mortality, not screening uptake. Searches for uptake and the 30–49 versus 50-and-above comparison found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Sankaranarayanan R, Ramadas K, Thomas G, et al. Effect of screening on oral cancer mortality in Kerala, India: a cluster-randomised con- trolled trial. Lancet. 2005;365(9475):1927-1933. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0140-6736(05)66658-5 PMID: 15936419. · DOI
- Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Rajkumar R, et al. Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu, India: a cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2007;370(9585):398- 406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61195-7 PMID: 17679017. · DOI
- Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Shastri SS, et al. HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(14): 1385-1394. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0808516 PMID: 193 39719. · DOI · Paper page
- Shastri SS, Mittra I, Mishra GA, et al. Effect of VIA screening by primary health workers: randomized controlled study in Mumbai, India. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2014;106(3):dju009. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/ dju009 Epub 2014 Feb 22. PMID: 24563518; PMCID: PMC3982783. · DOI
- Mittra I, Mishra GA, Dikshit RP, et al. Effect of screening by clinical breast examination on breast cancer incidence and mortality after 20 years: prospective, cluster randomised controlled trial in Mumbai. BMJ. 2021;372:n256. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n256. · DOI
- Polman NJ, Ebisch RMF, Heideman DAM, et al. Performance of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected sam- ples for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse: a randomised, paired screen-positive, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(2):229-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18) 30763-0 Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30658933. · DOI
- Budukh A, Maheshwari A, Bagal S, et al. Factors influencing women to participate in cervical cancer screening by providing menstrual pads: A population-based study from rural areas of Maharashtra state, India. Indian Journal of Cancer. 2021. https://doi.org/10. 4103/ijc.ijc_910_19. · DOI
Cited by
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Patel, K. K., Chakravarti, P., Chaturvedi, P., Dikshit, R., & Budukh, A. (2022) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33958 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Budukh, A. M., Dikshit, R., & Chaturvedi, P.
- Affiliations
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Budukh, Atul M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Cancer
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-06-30
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1619-1620
- ISSN
- 0020-7136 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0215
- PMC
- PMC8427005
- OpenAlex
- W3176980541
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Keywords
- cancer screening, oral cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, randomized controlled trials, COVID-19 pandemic, India
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Breast Neoplasms, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Female, Humans, India, Mouth Neoplasms, Prognosis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Early Detection of Cancer
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