Mature mRNA 3’ end formation stimulates RNA export from the nucleus
Open accessAbstract
We have analysed nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNAs in primate cells with the aim of identifying signals promoting RNA transport. Our results demonstrate that sequences directing either histone mRNA 3' processing or cleavage/polyadenylation of mRNA stimulate nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport. To elucidate the nature of this stimulation, we engineered test gene transcripts which could obtain a mature histone 3' end by the RNA cleaving activity of a cis-acting ribozyme, thus circumventing the cellular 3' end processing machinery. However, such transcripts were found to be transport deficient and accumulated in the nuclear compartment. Our experiments provide genetic evidence that there is a linkage between 3' end formation and the export of RNA transcripts from the nucleus. Analysis of a similar series of histone mRNAs in which the mature 3' end was generated by means of ribozyme cleavage led to the discovery of a second export mechanism which relies on features specific for mature histone RNA and which can be uncoupled from the cellular processing machinery. The presence of histone mRNA sequences and of the highly conserved histone hairpin structure, positioned close to the 3' terminus, are critical determinants for this export mechanism.
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Retroviruses use the host transcriptional machinery to transcribe, cap, and polyadenylate viral mRNAs at the 3′ end, including gRNA.
“Retroviruses use the host transcriptional machinery to transcribe, cap [add a methyl guanosine (G) group at the 5′ end], and polyadenylate viral mRNAs at the 3′ end, including gRNA.”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Eckner et al. 1991
In a eukaryotic cell, capping and polyadenylation are obligatorily required for nuclear export of RNAs and their subsequent translation.
“In a eukaryotic cell, all these steps are obligatorily required for nuclear export of the RNAs and their subsequent translation (Jackson and Standart 1990, Eckner et al. 1991, Sachs 1993).”
From Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication (2026) · cites this paper as Eckner et al. 1991
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Malim, M. H., Tiley, L. S., McCarn, D. F., Rusche, J. R., Hauber, J., & Cullen, B. R. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90670-a · Cited by 430 · see citing works
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Nucleocytoplasmic transport: the soluble phase
Mattaj, I. W., & Englmeier, L. (1998) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.265 · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
Ashe, M. P., Griffin, P., James, W., & Proudfoot, N. J. (1995) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.9.23.3008 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication
Jehad, M. A., Ali, L. M., Pillai, V. N., Prabhu, S. G., Mustafa, F., & Rizvi, T. A. (2026) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuaf066 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In a eukaryotic cell, all these steps are obligatorily required for nuclear export of the RNAs and their subsequent translation (Jackson and Standart 1990 , Eckner et al. 1991 , Sachs 1993 ).”
- Authors
- Eckner, R., Ellmeier, W., & Birnstiel, M. L.
- Affiliations
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (AT)
- ORCID
- Ellmeier, W.
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3513-3522
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC453080
- OpenAlex
- W9166349
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- mRNA export, nuclear transport, mRNA 3' end formation, histone mRNA, nuclear retention, primate cells
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Biological Transport, Cell Nucleus, Drug Resistance, HeLa Cells, Histones, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Neomycin, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Plasmids, Primates, Ribonucleoproteins, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear
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