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Cited by 269Protein Structure and Dynamicsthermodynamics and calorimetric analysesChemical Synthesis and Analysis

A thermodynamic scale for leucine zipper stability and dimerization specificity: e and g interhelical interactions.

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Krylov, D., Mikhailenko, I., Vinson, C.·1994·The EMBO Journal
DOI 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06579.xPMC PMC395166
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Abstract

The leucine zipper is a dimeric coiled-coil protein structure composed of two amphipathic alpha-helices with the hydrophobic surfaces interacting to create the dimer interface. This structure has been found to mediate the dimerization of two abundant classes of DNA binding proteins: the bZIP and bHLH-Zip proteins. Several workers have reported that amino acids in the e and g positions of the coiled coil can modulate dimerization stability and specificity. Using the bZIP protein VBP as a host molecule, we report a thermodynamic scale (delta delta G) for 27 interhelical interactions in 35 proteins between amino acids in the g and the following e positions (g<==>e') of a leucine zipper coiled coil. We have examined the four commonly occurring amino acids in the e and g positions of bZIP proteins, lysine (K), arginine (R), glutamine (Q), glutamic acid (E), as well as the only other remaining charged amino acid aspartic acid (D), and finally alanine (A) as a reference amino acid. These results indicate that E<==>R is the most stable interhelical pair, being 0.35 kcal/mol more stable than E<==>K. A thermodynamic cycle analysis shows that the E<==>R pair is 1.33 kcal/mol more stable than A<==>A with -1.14 kcal/mol of coupling energy (delta delta Gint) coming from the interaction of E with R. The E<==>K coupling energy is only -0.14 kcal/mol. E interacts with more specificity than Q. The R<==>R pair is less stable than the K<==>K by 0.24 kcal/mol. R interacts with more specificity than K. Q forms more stable pairs with the basic amino acids K and R rather than with E. Changing amino acids in the e position to A creates bZIP proteins that form tetramers.

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  • Thermodynamic cycle analysis of mutant coiled coils indicated that a charged residue at a g position at residue i can interact favorably or unfavorably with a charged residue at the e' position at i+5.

    “Thermodynamic cycle analysis of mutant coiled coils showed that charged residues at a g position at residue i can interact favorably or unfavorably with a charged residue at the e' position at i + 5 (Krylov et al., 1994; Zhou et al., 1994a, 1994b; Kohn et al., 1995), consistent with the orientation of ion pairs observed in the crystal structures.”

    From Oligomerization properties of GCN4 leucine zipper <i>e</i> and <i>g</i> position mutants (1997) · cites this paper as Krylov et al., 1994

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  1. Hai,T. and Curran,T. (1991) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 3720-3724.
  2. Loriaux,M., Rehfuss,R., Brennan,R. and Goodman,R. (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 9046-9050.
  3. Marqusee,S. and Baldwin,R. (1987) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 8898-8902.
  4. Sanger,F., Nicklen,S. and Coulson,A. (1977) Proc. NatlAcad. Sci. USA, 74, 5463-5467.

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Authors
Krylov, D., Mikhailenko, I., & Vinson, C.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
The EMBO Journal
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1994-06-01
Volume
13
Issue
12
Pages
2849-2861
ISSN
  • 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2075
DOI
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06579.x
PMC
PMC395166
OpenAlex
W2301031628
Semantic Scholar
e223136a6090aa7f84312e0d6991cd8cf28a68c5
Cited by
269
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
FWCI
5.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR 04328, P41RR004328)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › thermodynamics and calorimetric analyses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
Keywords
leucine zipper, coiled coil, interhelical interactions, bZIP transcription factors, thermodynamic cycle analysis, coupling energy, glutamate, L-arginine, lysine, glutamine, tetramer formation, DNA-binding proteins
MeSH terms
Amino Acid Sequence, Carrier Proteins, Centrifugation, Isopycnic, Circular Dichroism, DNA-Binding Proteins, Models, Chemical, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Denaturation, Recombinant Proteins, Thermodynamics, Transcription Factors, Leucine Zippers, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs, Avian Proteins, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, G-Box Binding Factors

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