Obesity in Europe
Open accessAbstract
Obesity, defined as a body mass index > 30 kg/m2 is relatively common in Europe, particularly among women, and especially in Southern and Eastern European countries. Among men the distribution of body mass index values is surprisingly similar in most countries of Europe. Educational level is strongly inversely associated with the prevalence of obesity. Although differences in body mass index cannot entirely explain the large variation in risk factors and mortality from coronary heart disease, it can be shown that within populations an increased body mass index is associated with less favorable risk patterns. More research is needed to elucidate the reasons for the large variation in the prevalence of obesity among European women and to the health risks associated with obesity in different European countries.
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This type of diet increases energy expenditure, supporting negative energy balance, through increased gluconeogenesis.
“Moreover, this type of diet increases energy expenditure, supporting a negative energy balance, via increased gluconeogenesis (29,30) .”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
Forty-two percent of the increase in energy expenditure after the high-protein carbohydrate-free diet was explained by the increase in gluconeogenesis.
“Forty-two percent of the increase in energy expenditure after the high-protein carbohydrate-free diet was explained by the increase in gluconeogenesis (29,30) .”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
Resting metabolic rate was higher in the carbohydrate-free condition than in the normal-protein condition.
“Resting metabolic rate was higher in the carbohydrate-free condition than in the normal-protein condition.”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
In a respiratory chamber study, endogenous glucose production was lower in the carbohydrate-free condition than in the control condition, whereas fractional and absolute gluconeogenesis were higher.
“EGP was lower in the carbohydrate-free condition than in the control condition, whereas fractional and absolute gluconeogenesis were higher.”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
Increased fat oxidation with low carbohydrate availability produces ketone bodies.
“Increased fat oxidation with low-carbohydrate availability results in the production of ketone bodies (26 -28,30) .”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
β-Hydroxybutyrate, the most important blood ketone body, reduces food intake after intracerebroventricular infusion or subcutaneous injection in rats.
“b-Hydroxybutyrate, which is the most important ketone body in the blood (26 -28,30) , reduced food intake after intracerebroventricular infusion or subcutaneous injection in rats (26 -28) .”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
Leucine and lysine are the only solely ketogenic amino acids; isoleucine, phenylalanine, TRP, and tyrosine are both ketogenic and glucogenic.
“Leucine and lysine are the only two amino acids that are solely ketogenic amino acids; isoleucine, phenylalanine, TRP, and tyrosine are both ketogenic and glucogenic (26 -28,30) .”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
Increased dietary fat oxidation reduces appetite, whereas inhibition of fatty acid oxidation increases food intake.
“Increased dietary fat oxidation is suggested to reduce appetite whereas inhibition of fatty acid oxidation increases food intake (30) .”
From Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. (2012) · cites this paper as [30]
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References 7 · Cited by 59
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Den Tonkelaar I, Seidell JC, Van NoordPAH, Baanders- vanHalewijnEA, OuwehandIJ. Fat distributioninrelation to age, degree of obesity, smoking habits,parity, and estrogen use -a cross-sectional study in 11 853 Dutchwomen. Int J Obes. 1990;14:753-761.
- Seidell JC, Cigolini M, Chanewska J, et al. Indicators of fat distribution, serum lipids, and blood pressure in Europeanwomenbornin 1948-theEuropeanfat distribution study. Am JEpidemiol. 1989;130:53-65.
- Seidell JC, CigoliniM, Chanewska J, et al. Androgenicity in relationto body fat distributionand metabolism in 3 8-year old women -the European fat distribution study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1990;43:21-34.
- Seidell JC. Obesity in Europe -some epidemiological observations. In. AilhaudG, etal., eds. ObesityinEurope 91. London: JohnLibbey andcompany Ltd; 1992:109-112.
- Authors
- Seidell, J. C.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Seidell, Jacob C.
- ORCID
- Seidell, Jacob C.
- Venue
- Obesity Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1995-09
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- S2
- Pages
- 89s-93s
- ISSN
- 1071-7323 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-8528
- OpenAlex
- W1983507420
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Obesity Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- obesity prevalence, body mass index, sex differences, educational attainment, coronary risk factors, mortality, regional variation, women's health, Europe
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Constitution, Cardiovascular Diseases, Educational Status, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Body Mass Index, Prevalence
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