The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Design of an artificial skin. Part III. Control of pore structure
Abstract
Several methods are compared for preparing collagen‐glycosaminoglycan (GAG) membranes of high or low porosity. Collagen‐GAG membranes have been used to cover satisfactorily large experimental full‐thickness skin wounds in guinea pigs over the past few years. Methods studies as means for controlling pore size are confined to purely physical processes which do not require use of additives or chemical reagents to form the porous membrane. We find that membranes, initially swollen in distilled water or saline, shrink linearly to no less than 94% of original dimension after freeze drying; to 75% after critical point drying (from CO 2, following water‐ethanol exchange); and to 41% of original dimension following air drying from the swollen state. Scanning electron microscopic study of the pore structure resulting from each drying procedure confirms our major conclusion: A carefully designed freeze drying process, two variants of which are described in detail, yields membranes with the highest mean pore size, as measured by quantitative stereological procedures. Critical point drying gave significantly more shrinkage and a lower mean pore size than either one of the two freeze drying procedures used.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Pore size has always been a crucial property of tissue engineering scaffolds and a key determinant of a scaffold’s success through their influence on cell infiltration, nutrient/oxygen exchange, and angiogenesis [41, 42].”
From Macrophage functional polarization (M1/M2) in response to varying fiber and pore dimensions of electrospun scaffolds (2013) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Encyclopedia of polymer science and technology
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-0674 · Cited by 5,100
Richards, O. W., de Hoff, R. T., & Rhines, F. N. (1969) · Transactions of the American Microscopical Society · doi:10.2307/3224516 · Cited by 1,279
Design of an artificial skin. I. Basic design principles
Yannas, I. V., & Burke, J. F. (1980) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820140108 · Cited by 1,045
Self-citationDesign of an artificial skin. I. Basic design principles
Yannas, I. V., & Burke, J. F. (1980) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820140314 · Cited by 889
Self-citationDesign of an artificial skin. II. Control of chemical composition
Yannas, I. V., Burke, J. F., Gordon, P. L., Huang, C., & Rubenstein, R. H. (1980) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820140203 · Cited by 590
Self-citationPreparation of animal tissues for surface‐scanning electron microscopy
BOYDE, A., & Wood, C. (1969) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1969.tb00709.x · Cited by 359
Stenzel, K. H., Miyata, T., & Rubin, A. L. (1974) · Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.03.060174.001311 · Cited by 339
Medical and Surgical Applications of Collagen
Chvapil, M. S., Kronenthal, R. L., & Winkle, W. V. (1973) · International review of connective tissue research · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-363706-2.50007-6 · Cited by 264
Correlation of in vivo collagen degradation rate with in vitro measurements
Yannas, I. V., Burke, J. F., Huang, C., & Gordon, P. L. (1975) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820090608 · Cited by 82
Self-citationSome chemical and biological characteristics of a new collagen–polymer compound material
Chvapil, M. S., Holusa, R., Kliment, K., & Štoll, M. (1969) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research · doi:10.1002/jbm.820030211 · Cited by 75
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 22 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Yannas I. V., 1979, Progress in Design of an Artificial Skin, Fed. Proc., 38, 988
- I. V.Yannas J. F.Burke C.Huang andP. L.Gordon Control of Biodegradability Rate in Design of Collagen Skin Substitutes in Transactions of the 3rd Annual Meeting Society for Biomaterials and the 9th Annual International Biomaterials Symposium Vol.1 New Orleans LA 15–19 April1977 P.114;
- Yannas I. V., 1975, Suppression of in Vivo degradability and of Immunogenicity of Collagen by Reaction with Glycosaminoglycans, Am. Chem. Soc. Polym. Preprints, 16, 209
- I. V.Yannas “Characterization Techniques for the Molecular Design of Polymeric Implants ” Biomedical Materials Res. Conference Brighton UT 9–10 November 1972.
- A.Boyde “Biological Specimen Preparation for the Scanning Electron Microscope ” in Proceedings of the Fifth Electron Microscopy Symposium Scanning Electron Microscopy Part II 258–264(1972).
- Parham R. A., 1975, Critical‐point Drying for Fiber Microscopy, Tappi, 58, 138
- Cohen A. L., 1968, A Rapid Critical Point Method of using Fluorocarbons (Freons) as Intermediate and Transitional Fluids, J. Microsc. (Paris), 17, 331
- Cohen A. L., 1974, Principles and Techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy, 44
- Kormendy A. C., 1975, Principles and Techniques of Scanning Electron Microscopy, 82
- H. F.Fischmeister “Determination of Pore Structure by Stereological Measurements ”Proceedings International Symposium RILEM/IUPAC Prague 18–21September1973 Final report Part II pp.C439–C476.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–358 of 358
The development of a treatment pathway for dermal regenerative matrix (DRM)
Malic, C., Logsetty, S., Papp, A. A., Izadpanah, A., Cheng, H., Cooper, M. J., Bussières, A., Nickerson, D., Perreault, I., & Jeschke, M. G. (2018) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2018.06.005 · Cited by 3
Langer, R., Shukla, A., Moore, M. J., Yang, F., Neeley, W. L., & Karp, J. M. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420051834.sec1 · Cited by 3
Biomedical Applications of Chitin
Hema, S., Chandran, G. U., Jyothi, P. R., & Sambhudevan, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6603-2_25-1 · Cited by 3
Biologisch aktive Analoga der extrazellulären Matrix – künstliche Haut und Nerven
Yannas, I. V. (1990) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19901020105 · Cited by 3
Self-citationModification of Natural Polymers
Cahn, F. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012436636-7/50158-0 · Cited by 3
The Expanded Application of the Acellular Dermal Matrix: Traumatic Nail Bed Defect of the Digits
Park, K. H., Woo, S. J., Woo, S. H., & Cheon, H.-J. (2024) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000005551 · Cited by 2
Early Changes during Skin Repair Using Tissue-Engineered Dermal Template in a Full-Thickness Burn
P., G. P., Fröhlichová, L., Čoma, M., Pafčuga, I., Šuca, H., Grossová, I., Hríbiková, Z., Sticová, E., & Zajíček, R. (2020) · Folia Biologica · doi:10.14712/fb2020066050161 · Cited by 2
Biomedical Applications of Chitin
Hema, S., Chandran, G. U., Jyothi, P. R., & Sambhudevan, S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-0710-4_25 · Cited by 2
Rethikala, P., & Krishnan, K. (2014) · Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers · doi:10.1177/0883911514558543 · Cited by 2
Oxygen transmission rates of skin substitutes and graft survival
Yastı, A. Ç., Çolak, B., ÖZCAN, F., Kısmet, K., Sürel, A. A., Akgün, A. E., & Akın, M. (2023) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2023.05.015 · Cited by 2
Materials for Skin and Nerve Regeneration; Biologically Active Analogs of the Extracellular Matrix
Yannas, I. V. (2006) · Materials Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/9783527603978.mst0164 · Cited by 2
Self-citationCecilia, A., & Rodas, D. (2004) · Cited by 2
Carraher, C. E., & Pittman, C. U. (2000) · Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry · doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_241 · Cited by 2
Clinical use of semiliquid dermal substitute: A case report
Troisi, L., Papa, G., Ramella, V., & Arnež, Z. M. (2015) · Journal of Tissue Viability · doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2015.07.001 · Cited by 1
Li, S. (1999) · The electrical engineering handbook/Electrical engineering handbook series/Electrical engineering handbook · doi:10.1201/9781420049510.ch42 · Cited by 1
3D Printing and Patterning Vasculature in Engineered Tissues
Grigoryan, B., & Miller, J. S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824552-1.00022-0 · Cited by 1
Solidification of Suspended Colloids at Nonplanar Interfaces
Xu, Z., Yu, H., Yan, J., & Tan, L. (2016) · Macromolecular Symposia · doi:10.1002/masy.201650028 · Cited by 1
Assessment of the Processing Method for the Development of Hybrid Biopolymer-Based Scaffolds
Alonso‐González, M., Valle, J. F. R., Puyana, V. M. P., Jiménez‐Rosado, M., & Romero, A. (2020) · Recent Progress in Materials · doi:10.21926/rpm.2001004 · Cited by 1
Soft Tissue Replacement Implants
Park, J. B. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2769-1_11 · Cited by 1
Tissue Engineering of the Liver
Underhill, G. H., Khetani, S. R., Chen, A. A., & Bhatia, S. N. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470747919.ch56 · Cited by 1
Biologically Active Scaffolds Based on Collagen – GAG Copolymers
Yannas, I. V. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420027563.pt1 · Cited by 1
Self-citationManufacture and Mechanical Testing of Collagen Scaffold with Channels
Du, X., & Czernuszka, J. T. (2011) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23508-5_264
Feature Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Materials Based on Green Easy‐Leaching Concept
Tian, G., Chen, L., Yang, X., & Su, B. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9783527639588.ch9
SEQUENTIAL DELIVERY OF ANGIOGENIC GROWTH FACTORS FROM POROUS HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES
Tengood, J. E. (2011) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Synthetic Biology Approaches to Cell Therapy
Paek, S., & Ruder, W. C. (2014) · Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1002/3527600906.mcb.20120056
Polymers in Tissue Engineering
Hubbell, J. A. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527631421.ch65
DESARROLLO DE LA POROSIDAD EN HIDROXIAPATITA Y EN RECUBRIMIENTOS CERAMICOS PARA USO ORTOPEDICO
González, M. N., & Magdalena, M. L. (2008)
Directionally Guided Angiogenesis Within Extruded Type I Collagen FilamentsIn Vivo
Speer, D. P., Ulreich, J. B., Young, N. J., Debbie, Y., & Li, S. (2006) · Journal of Histotechnology · doi:10.1179/his.2006.29.4.267
Throm, A. M., & Pins, G. D. (2003) · IEEE Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC) · doi:10.1109/nebc.2003.1216064
THERAPEUTIC EXPERIENCE OF INTRACTABLEULCER WITH EXPOSED TENDON BY USING AN ARTIFICIAL DERMIS
Soejima, K., Takeuchi, M., & Nozaki, M. (1996) · The journal of the Japanese Practical Surgeon Society · doi:10.3919/ringe1963.57.2032
3D Printing and Patterning Vasculature in Engineered Tissues
Grigoryan, B., & Miller, J. S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800547-7.00008-4
Clinical Use of Skin Substitutes
Orgill, D. P., Park, C., & Demling, R. H. (2000) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14004-15
A Bilayer Artificial Skin Composed of Collagen Matrix
Kawai, T., Ohno, S., Terayama, Y., Shibata, T., Natsume, H., Sugibayashi, K., & Morimoto, Y. (1993) · Skin research · doi:10.11340/skinresearch1959.35.471
Manufacture and Mechanical Testing of Collagen Scaffold with Channels
Preparation, A. S. (2011)
Source and Carrier Effect on the Bioactivity of BMP Bio-implants
Sylvie, D. L. (2013) · Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)
Regeneration Templates: Artificial Skin and Nerves
Ellis, D. L., & Yannas, I. V. (2016) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.1081/e-ebpp-120051914
Self-citationTopotactic fibrillogenesis of freeze-casted microridged collagen scaffolds for 3D cell culturePreprint
Rieu, C., Mosser, G., Haye, B., Coradin, T., Fernandes, F. M., & Trichet, L. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1809.02427
Dermal Substitutes and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for Burns and Scars
Park, J. G., & Molnar, J. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9791-3_10
Rakhorst, H. A., & Morgan, J. R. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55886-3_7
Carraher, C. E., & Pittman, C. U. (2009) · Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry · doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_241.pub2
Li, S. (2012) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13687-7
Almeida, I. D. R. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2022.tde-06052022-115402
Hansbrough, J. F., & Franco, E. S. (2000) · Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0891-8422(23)01123-0
(2024) · Journal of Surgical Academia · doi:10.17576/jsa.2023.1301.04
3D printed glass-based biophotonic scaffolds for in situ activation of photoswitchable drugs
Magalhães, E. S., Ojha, N., Ghanavati, S., Opar, E., Smet, P. F., Lastusaari, M., Riefolo, F., Matera, C., Massera, J., Gorostiza, P., et al. (2025) · Journal of the European Ceramic Society · doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117777
Chitosan-Based Materials for Effective Wound Healing
Murtaza, I., Yar, M., Khan, Z. A., & Shahzad, S. A. (2026) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1009173
Exploration of Collagen as Binder for Aqueous Zinc Batteries and Symmetric Carbon Supercapacitors
Mikhailova, D., Dmitrieva, E., Gorbunov, M. V., Lu, Q., Nguyen, H. B. A., Omar, A., Soltani, N., Baltzer, M., & Klüver, E. (2026) · ChemElectroChem · doi:10.1002/celc.70194
Sytina, E. V., Alekseev, A. A., & Panteleyev, A. A. (2026) · Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs · doi:10.15825/1995-1191-2026-2-173-187
Mir, M. A., Kular, S., Kaushik, R., Singh, T., Aggarwal, L., Kumar, D., & Singh, H. M. (2026) · Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0046-1822794
Temperature Controlled Cryoprinting
Lou, L., Warburton, L., & Rubinsky, B. (2026) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-5416-3_8
Tissue Regeneration by Use of Analogs of Extracellular Matrix
Ellis, D. L., & Yannas, I. V. (1996) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2487-5_18
Self-citationChaput, C., Rivard, C., Selmani, A., & Yahia, L. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60428-7_16
Metadata
- Authors
- Dagalakis, N., Flink, J., Stasikelis, P., Burke, J. F., & Yannas, I. V.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1980-07
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 511-528
- ISSN
- 0021-9304 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4636
- OpenAlex
- W2014185746
- Cited by
- 358
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Collagen: Extraction and Characterization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Keywords
- artificial skin, pore size control, membrane porosity, freeze-drying, critical point drying, membrane shrinkage, full-thickness skin wounds, wound coverage, stereology
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Animals, Artificial Organs, Cattle, Chemistry, Physical, Collagen, Desiccation, Freeze Drying, Glycosaminoglycans, Membranes, Artificial, Microscopy, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Prosthesis Design, Skin, Surface Properties, Water, Chemical Phenomena
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
