Immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol) onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel: 2. Evaluation of thrombogenicity
Abstract
Immobilized polyethylene glycol (PEG) reduced the amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorbed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, but did not reduce the platelet reactivity of the hydrogel surface. PEG, molecular weight (MW) 2000 or 5000, with or without a monomethoxy end group, was covalently bound to glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked PVA either through a cyclic acetal or an urethane functional group with a surface coverage of 70% (as measured by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS]). Immobilization of monomethoxy‐PEG via a cyclic acetal reduced BSA adsorption to PVA from 11 ± 2 nmol/m 2 to 3.9 ± 0.3 nmol/m 2 and 3.3 ± 0.3 nmol/m 2 for MW 2000 and 5000, respectively. Similarly, urethane bound PEG reduced adsorption to 3.5 ± 1.6 nmol/m 2 for MW 2000 and 5.4 ± 1.0 nmol/m 2 for MW 5000. Whole blood clotting times of PVA (using a Chandler loop) were not affected by covalently linked PEG, although the initial rate of thrombin generation at the surface, measured using a fluorogenic substrate, was marginally reduced; a rate constant of 4.2 ± 0.1 cm/sec and 3.5 ± 0.1 cm/sec were obtained for MW 2000 and 5000, respectively, compared to 5.6 ± 1.0 cm/sec for PVA. Ex vivo evaluation using a canine arteriovenous shunt revealed that the hydrogel, with or without bound PEG, reduced circulating platelet levels by 35‐70% after 4 days. The initial fractional rate of platelet destruction determined from measurement of platelet cyclooxygenase activity, indicated that cyclic acetal or urethane bound PEG of either molecular weight had no effect on platelet consumption produced by PVA. The PEG hypothesis at least as it relates to platelet interactions may need to be evaluated further in the light of these results. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Sefton and coworkers reported that neither PEG-grafted nor control PVA hydrogel-coated PE tubing maintained circulating platelet levels after 4 days in an ex vivo canine arteriovenous shunt.
“However, studies conducted by Sefton and coworkers who used PEG immobilized PVA hydrogel coated PE tubing in an ex vivo canine arteriovenous (AV) shunt reported that neither the PEG grafted or control PVA tubing could maintain circulating platelet levels after 4 d.49”
From Recent advances in thromboresistant and antimicrobial polymers for biomedical applications: just say yes to nitric oxide (NO) (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Llanos, G. R., & Sefton, M. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sefton, Michael V.
- ORCID
- Sefton, Michael V.
- Venue
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1383-1391
- ISSN
- 0021-9304 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4636
- OpenAlex
- W2093686375
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biomedical Materials Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hl024020-15)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 24020)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Surface Modification and Superhydrophobicity
- Keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, thrombogenicity, bovine serum albumin adsorption, platelet reactivity, urethane linkage, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, thrombin generation, platelet consumption, arteriovenous shunt, antithrombotic surfaces
- MeSH terms
- Adsorption, Animals, Blood Platelets, Dogs, Gels, Materials Testing, Polyethylene Glycols, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Serum Albumin, Bovine, Thrombin, Thrombin Time, Thrombosis, Whole Blood Coagulation Time
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