Cited by 24Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineBiomedical and Engineering EducationInterdisciplinary Research and Collaboration

Immunoengineering has arrived

Open access
Green, Jordan J.·2021·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A

Abstract

Immunoengineering is a new discipline that creates and applies engineering tools and principles to investigate and modulate the immune system. It spans from the molecular scale to the scale of populations and is critically important in both health and disease. This perspective discusses the rapid development of immunoengineering as a field, including advances to research and education. On the research side, immunoengineering is poised to revolutionize technologies for tissue engineering, drug delivery, and medical devices, among others. Immunoengineering is shown to unlock new tools for biomedical discovery and innovation and has the potential to safely and effectively treat myriad diseases, from cancer to infectious diseases to type 1 diabetes and autoimmune diseases in novel ways. On the educational side, it is described how immunoengineering centers and educational focus areas are being created at leading universities. Furthermore, data are presented to show how grant agencies are making major investments into the field and high‐impact research and translational biotechnologies are being developed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/jbm.a.37041

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Immunoengineering investigates and modulates each component of TE (materials, cells, and regulatory molecules), considering intervention with the host immune system.

    “Immunoengineering investigates and modulates each component of TE (materials, cells, and regulatory molecules), considering intervention with the host immune system [198].”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [198]

    The Introduction says immunoengineering investigates and modulates the immune system and includes improving interactions between tissue-engineered constructs and the host. “Immunoengineering for Regeneration and Discovery” discusses biomaterials, immune cells, and signaling molecules, but the paper does not establish that immunoengineering investigates and modulates each component of tissue engineering as the claim states. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Scaffolds should modulate and cooperate with the immune system so that all biochemical processes happening in the affected site lead to tissue repair.

    “In addition, scaffolds should modulate and cooperate with the immune system so that all biochemical processes happening in the affected site lead to tissue repair.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [198]

    The Introduction says tissue-engineering scaffolds can be designed for a bioactive, healing interaction with the body through careful engineering of the immune system. “Immunoengineering for Regeneration and Discovery” reports that some scaffolds promote tissue repair through immune responses, but also describes a material that produces fibrosis. The source does not support the claim that all biochemical processes at the affected site can be made to lead to repair. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 38

  1. [1]Green JJ, Elisseeff JH. Mimicking biological functionality with polymers for biomedical applications. Nature 2016; 540(7633): 386– 394. 27974772 PMC8186828
  2. [2]Gammon JM, Jewell CM. Engineering Immune Tolerance with Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8(4): e1801419. 30605264 PMC6384133
  3. [4]Wei X, Zhang G, Ran D, Krishnan N, Fang RH, Gao W, Spector SA, Zhang L. T-Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Can Neutralize HIV Infectivity. Adv Mater 2018; 30(45): e1802233. 30252965 PMC6334303
  4. [5]Rodriguez PL, Harada T, Christian DA, Pantano DA, Tsai RK, Discher DE. Minimal “Self” peptides that inhibit phagocytic clearance and enhance delivery of nanoparticles. Science 2013; 339(6122): 971– 5. 23430657 PMC3966479
  5. [6]Fotoran WL, Santangelo R, de Miranda BNM, Irvine DJ, Wunderlich G. DNA-Loaded Cationic Liposomes Efficiently Function as a Vaccine against Malarial Proteins. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2017; 7: 1– 10. 28879213 PMC5581859
  6. [7]Hu Y, Smith D, Frazier E, Hoerle R, Ehrich M, Zhang C. The next-generation nicotine vaccine: a novel and potent hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine. Biomaterials 2016; 106: 228– 39. 27569868 PMC5018466
  7. [8]Wilson DS, Hirosue S, Raczy MM, Bonilla-Ramirez L, Jeanbart L, Wang R, Kwissa M, Franetich JF, Broggi MAS, Diaceri G and others. Antigens reversibly conjugated to a polymeric glyco-adjuvant induce protective humoral and cellular immunity. Nat Mater 2019; 18(2): 175– 185. 30643235
  8. [9]Buettner MJ, Shah SR, Saeui CT, Ariss R, Yarema KJ. Improving Immunotherapy Through Glycodesign. Front Immunol 2018; 9: 2485. 30450094 PMC6224361
  9. [10]DeMuth PC, Li AV, Abbink P, Liu J, Li H, Stanley KA, Smith KM, Lavine CL, Seaman MS, Kramer JA and others. Vaccine delivery with microneedle skin patches in nonhuman primates. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31(12): 1082– 5. PMC4011140 24316643
  10. [11]Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR. Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64(14): 1547– 68. 22575858 PMC3419303
  11. [13]Liu L, Wang Y, Miao L, Liu Q, Musetti S, Li J, Huang L. Combination Immunotherapy of MUC1 mRNA Nano-vaccine and CTLA-4 Blockade Effectively Inhibits Growth of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 26(1): 45– 55. 29258739 PMC5763160
  12. [14]Tzeng SY, Patel KK, Wilson DR, Meyer RA, Rhodes KR, Green JJ. In situ genetic engineering of tumors for long-lasting and systemic immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117(8): 4043– 4052. 32034097 PMC7049107
  13. [15]Wilson DR, Sen R, Sunshine JC, Pardoll DM, Green JJ, Kim YJ. Biodegradable STING agonist nanoparticles for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Nanomedicine 2018; 14(2): 237– 246. 29127039 PMC6035751
  14. [16]Li AW, Sobral MC, Badrinath S, Choi Y, Graveline A, Stafford AG, Weaver JC, Dellacherie MO, Shih TY, Ali OA and others. A facile approach to enhance antigen response for personalized cancer vaccination. Nat Mater 2018; 17(6): 528– 534. 29507416 PMC5970019
  15. [17]Silva DA, Yu S, Ulge UY, Spangler JB, Jude KM, Labao-Almeida C, Ali LR, Quijano-Rubio A, Ruterbusch M, Leung I and others. De novo design of potent and selective mimics of IL-2 and IL-15. Nature 2019; 565(7738): 186– 191. 30626941 PMC6521699
  16. [18]Toy R, Roy K. Engineering nanoparticles to overcome barriers to immunotherapy. Bioengineering & Translational Medicine 2016; 1(1): 47– 62. 29313006 PMC5689503
  17. [19]Meyer RA, Sunshine JC, Perica K, Kosmides AK, Aje K, Schneck JP, Green JJ. Biodegradable nanoellipsoidal artificial antigen presenting cells for antigen specific T-cell activation. Small 2015; 11(13): 1519– 25. 25641795 PMC4529071
  18. [20]Sunshine JC, Perica K, Schneck JP, Green JJ. Particle shape dependence of CD8+ T cell activation by artificial antigen presenting cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35(1): 269– 77. 24099710 PMC3902087
  19. [21]Ma L, Dichwalkar T, Chang JYH, Cossette B, Garafola D, Zhang AQ, Fichter M, Wang C, Liang S, Silva M and others. Enhanced CAR-T cell activity against solid tumors by vaccine boosting through the chimeric receptor. Science 2019; 365(6449): 162– 168. 31296767 PMC6800571
  20. [22]Chmielewski M, Abken H. TRUCKs: the fourth generation of CARs. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15(8): 1145– 54. 25985798
  21. [23]Minn I, Rowe SP, Pomper MG. Enhancing CAR T-cell therapy through cellular imaging and radiotherapy. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20(8): e443– e451. 31364596
  22. [24]Pollizzi KN, Powell JD. Integrating canonical and metabolic signalling programmes in the regulation of T cell responses. Nature Reviews Immunology 2014; 14(7): 435– 446. PMC4390057 24962260
  23. [25]Sommerfeld SD, Cherry C, Schwab RM, Chung L, Maestas DR Jr., Laffont P, Stein JE, Tam A, Ganguly S, Housseau F and others. Interleukin-36gamma-producing macrophages drive IL-17-mediated fibrosis. Sci Immunol 2019; 4(40). PMC7549193 31604843
  24. [26]O’Brien EM, Risser GE, Spiller KL. Sequential drug delivery to modulate macrophage behavior and enhance implant integration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019. PMC6858522 31103451
  25. [27]Fisher JD, Zhang W, Balmert SC, Aral AM, Acharya AP, Kulahci Y, Li J, Turnquist HR, Thomson AW, Solari MG and others. In situ recruitment of regulatory T cells promotes donor-specific tolerance in vascularized composite allotransplantation. Sci Adv 2020; 6(11): eaax8429. 32201714 PMC7069700
  26. [31]Stabler CL, Li Y, Stewart JM, Keselowsky BC. Engineering immunomodulatory biomaterials for type 1 diabetes. Nature Reviews Materials 2019; 4(6): 429– 450. PMC7332200 32617176
  27. [32]Finotello F, Rieder D, Hackl H, Trajanoski Z. Next-generation computational tools for interrogating cancer immunity. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 20(12): 724– 746. 31515541
  28. [33]Schudel A, Francis DM, Thomas SN. Material design for lymph node drug delivery. Nature Reviews Materials 2019; 4(6): 415– 428. PMC7286627 32523780
  29. [34]Purwada A, Singh A. Immuno-engineered organoids for regulating the kinetics of B-cell development and antibody production. Nat Protoc 2017; 12(1): 168– 182. 28005068 PMC6355337
  30. [35]Swartz MA, Hirosue S, Hubbell JA. Engineering approaches to immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2012; 4(148): 148rv9. 22914624
  31. [36]Allen TM, Brehm MA, Bridges S, Ferguson S, Kumar P, Mirochnitchenko O, Palucka K, Pelanda R, Sanders-Beer B, Shultz LD and others. Humanized immune system mouse models: progress, challenges and opportunities. Nat Immunol 2019; 20(7): 770– 774. 31160798 PMC7265413
  32. [37]Singh A. Biomaterials innovation for next generation ex vivo immune tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2017; 130: 104– 110. 28335993
  33. [38]Kamm RD, Bashir R, Arora N, Dar RD, Gillette MU, Griffith LG, Kemp ML, Kinlaw K, Levin M, Martin AC and others. Perspective: The promise of multi-cellular engineered living systems. APL Bioeng 2018; 2(4): 040901. 31069321 PMC6481725
  34. [39]Niederer SA, Lumens J, Trayanova NA. Computational models in cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol 2019; 16(2): 100– 111. 30361497 PMC6556062
  35. [40]Varol C, Mildner A, Jung S. Macrophages: development and tissue specialization. Annu Rev Immunol 2015; 33: 643– 75. 25861979
  36. [41]Mosser DM, Edwards JP. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat Rev Immunol 2008; 8(12): 958– 69. 19029990 PMC2724991
  37. [42]Klichinsky M, Ruella M, Shestova O, Lu XM, Best A, Zeeman M, Schmierer M, Gabrusiewicz K, Anderson NR, Petty NE and others. Human chimeric antigen receptor macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. Nature Biotechnology 2020. PMC7883632 32361713
  38. [43]Council NR. Convergence: Facilitating Transdisciplinary Integration of Life Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, and Beyond. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2014. 24830066

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Green, J. J.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Green, Jordan J.
Venue
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-08-04
Volume
109
Issue
4
Pages
397-403
ISSN
  • 1549-3296 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-4965
OpenAlex
W3038006764
Cited by
24
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3
FWCI
0.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University
  • The National Cancer Institute (R01CA228133)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB028239)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biomedical and Engineering Education
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Interdisciplinary Research and Collaboration
Keywords
immunoengineering, immunomodulation, tissue engineering, drug delivery, medical devices, cancer therapy, infectious diseases, type 1 diabetes, autoimmune disease, research funding
MeSH terms
Immunomodulating Agents, Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Biocompatible Materials, Humans, Drug Discovery, Immunomodulation, Bioengineering

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review