Fractalkine protein localization and gene expression in mouse brain
Abstract
Few chemokines are expressed constitutively in the brain at detectable levels; amongst them is fractalkine. We analyzed the distribution of fractalkine in the mouse brain with the aim of giving a neuroanatomical support to the study of its physiological function. To this end, we carried out an analysis of fractalkine protein localization and gene expression. An anti-fractalkine antibody was produced and used to perform an immunohistochemical study. The results indicated a high level of fractalkine protein in cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In particular, the presence of abundant immunoreactive neurons was observed in layers II, III, V, and VI of the cortex. In the hippocampus, the CA1 region was the most intensely labeled, but immunoreactive neurons were present also in CA2 and CA3, whereas in the basal ganglia, immunoreactive cells were observed in the caudate putamen. Other brain structures such as the brainstem showed a few scattered immunoreactive cells. The presence of fractalkine immunoreactive fibers was revealed only in the olfactory bulb and in the anterior olfactory nuclei. Gene expression study results, obtained by both semiquantitative PCR and in situ hybridization, matched protein localization with the highest levels of fractalkine transcript detected in the hippocampus, cortex, and striatum. The present study showed that fractalkine protein and mRNA are constitutively expressed at a high level in forebrain structure, but are almost absent…
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Microglia within the healthy cortex exhibit spatially heterogeneous gene expression.
“However, microglia are uniquely attuned to their local environment, and within the healthy cortex exhibit spatially heterogeneous gene expression (Hammond et al. 2019; Paolicelli et al. 2022; Tarozzo et al. 2003).”
From Depletion of Microglia Increases Cortical Oligodendrocyte Density During Remyelination (2026) · cites this paper as Tarozzo et al. 2003
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References 18 · Cited by 105
- Authors
- Tarozzo, G., Bortolazzi, S., Crochemore, C., Chen, S. ‐., Lira, A. S., Abrams, J. S., & Beltramo, M.
- Affiliations
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beltramo, M.
- ORCID
- Beltramo, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-05-12
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-88
- ISSN
- 0360-4012 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4547
- OpenAlex
- W1994201230
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- fractalkine, chemokines, brain, protein localization, gene expression, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, olfactory bulb, CA1 region, caudate-putamen, paracrine signaling, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Basal Ganglia, Brain Chemistry, Cerebral Cortex, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Immunohistochemistry, Membrane Proteins, Olfactory Bulb, RNA, Messenger, Thalamus, Gene Expression, In Situ Hybridization, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Chemokines, CX3C, Animals, Outbred Strains, Mice, Chemokine CX3CL1
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