Elevated tonic extracellular dopamine concentration and altered dopamine modulation of synaptic activity precede dopamine loss in the striatum of mice overexpressing human α‐synuclein
Open accessAbstract
Overexpression or mutation of α‐synuclein (α‐Syn), a protein associated with presynaptic vesicles, causes familial forms of Parkinson's disease in humans and is also associated with sporadic forms of the disease. We used in vivo microdialysis, tissue content analysis, behavioral assessment, and whole‐cell patch clamp recordings from striatal medium‐sized spiny neurons (MSSNs) in slices to examine dopamine transmission and dopaminergic modulation of corticostriatal synaptic function in mice overexpressing human wild‐type α‐Syn under the Thy1 promoter (α‐Syn mice). Tonic striatal extracellular dopamine and 3‐methoxytyramine levels were elevated in α‐Syn mice at 6 months of age, prior to any reduction in total striatal tissue content, and were accompanied by an increase in open‐field activity. Dopamine clearance and amphetamine‐induced dopamine efflux were unchanged. The frequency of MSSN spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) was lower in α‐Syn mice. Amphetamine reduced sEPSC frequency in wild types (WTs) but produced no effect in α‐Syn mice. Furthermore, whereas quinpirole reduced and sulpiride increased sEPSC frequency in WT mice, they produced the opposite effects in α‐Syn mice. These observations indicate that overexpression of α‐Syn alters dopamine efflux and D2 receptor modulation of corticostriatal glutamate release at a young age. At 14 months of age, the α‐Syn mice presented with significantly lower striatal tissue dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase content relative to WT littermates, accompanied by an L‐DOPA‐reversible sensory motor deficit. Together, these data further validate this transgenic mouse line as a slowly progressing model of Parkinson's disease and provide evidence for early dopamine synaptic dysfunction prior to loss of striatal dopamine. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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The Thy1-α-synuclein mouse model of PD demonstrates an abnormal increase in striatal dopamine release prior to SNc DA neurodegeneration at 4 months.
“the established Thy1-α-synuclein mouse model of PD demonstrates an abnormal increase in striatal dopamine release prior to SNc DA neurodegeneration at 4 months (Lam et al. 2011)”
From Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Astrocytes Exacerbates Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in a 6-Hydroxydopamine Mouse Model of Parkinsonism (2026) · cites this paper as Lam et al. 2011
The Abstract and Discussion report elevated tonic striatal extracellular dopamine in Thy1-α-synuclein mice while nigral dopamine cell bodies remained intact. But the dopamine measurement was at approximately 6 months, not 4 months (Materials and Methods, Animals). The paper also reports later loss of striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase, not demonstrated later SNc neuron loss. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSustained increases in dopamine release within the striatum could result in the toxic accumulation of hyperoxidative dopamine metabolites such as reactive oxygen species and dopamine quinones, causing a dying back of SNc DA axons in the striatum and thereby leading to the accelerated loss of SNc DA neurons.
“Together, these reports suggest that sustained increases in dopamine release within the striatum could result in the toxic accumulation of hyperoxidative dopamine metabolites such as reactive oxygen species and dopamine quinones, causing a dying back of SNc DA axons in the striatum and thereby leading to the accelerated loss of SNc DA neurons.”
From Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Astrocytes Exacerbates Dopaminergic Neuron Loss in a 6-Hydroxydopamine Mouse Model of Parkinsonism (2026) · cites this paper as Lam et al. 2011
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Cites
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Goldberg, M. S., Fleming, S. M., Palacino, J. J., Cepeda, C., Lam, H. A., Bhatnagar, A., Meloni, E. G., Wu, N., Ackerson, L. C., Klapstein, G. J., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m308947200 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
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“These changes preceded loss of striatal dopamine, which did not occur until 14 months of age (Lam et al. 2011).”
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Ayala, D. A., Hall, G. M., Das, D., Tijerina, E., Villagran, L. L., Khan, Z., Paliwal, D., Anand, A., Rimer, M., & Srinivasan, R. (2026) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-026-01713-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lam, H. A., Wu, N., Cely, I., Kelly, R. L., Hean, S., Richter, F., Magen, I., Cepeda, C., Ackerson, L. C., Walwyn, W., Masliah, E., Chesselet, M., Levine, M. S., & Maidment, N. T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maidment, Nigel T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-12
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1091-1102
- ISSN
- 0360-4012 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4547
- PMC
- PMC4755488
- OpenAlex
- W2028649842
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS33538, R01NS033538, P50NS038367)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U54ES012078)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- alpha-synuclein, Parkinson's disease, striatum, dopamine, tonic dopamine release, medium spiny neurons, corticostriatal synapses, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, dopamine D2 receptor, dopamine efflux, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine depletion, transgenic mouse model, 3-methoxytyramine
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Corpus Striatum, Disease Models, Animal, Dopamine, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred DBA, Mice, Transgenic, Synaptic Transmission, Organ Culture Techniques, Parkinson Disease, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Presynaptic Terminals, Disease Progression, Mice, alpha-Synuclein
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