Identifying evidence for public health guidance: a comparison of citation searching with Web of Science and Google Scholar
Abstract
Aim: To examine how effectively forwards citation searching with Web of Science (WOS) or Google Scholar (GS) identified evidence to support public health guidance published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Method: Forwards citation searching was performed using GS on a base set of 46 publications and replicated using WOS. Outcomes: WOS and GS were compared in terms of recall; precision; number needed to read (NNR); administrative time and costs; and screening time and costs. Outcomes for all publications were compared with those for a subset of highly important publications. Results: The searches identified 43 relevant publications. The WOS process had 86.05% recall and 1.58% precision. The GS process had 90.7% recall and 1.62% precision. The NNR to identify one relevant publication was 63.3 with WOS and 61.72 with GS. There were nine highly important publications. WOS had 100% recall, 0.38% precision and NNR of 260.22. GS had 88.89% recall, 0.33% precision and NNR of 300.88. Administering the WOS results took 4 h and cost £88–£136, compared with 75 h and £1650–£2550 with GS. Conclusion: WOS is recommended over GS, as citation searching was more effective, while the administrative and screening times and costs were lower. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Previous studies have also calculated precision and recall of search systems from data reported by specific evidence-synthesis studies.
“Previous studies have also calculated precision and recall of search systems from data reported by specific evidence‐synthesis studies.24, 32, 33, 34”
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- Authors
- Levay, P., Ainsworth, N., Kettle, R., & Morgan, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Levay, Paul
- Venue
- Research Synthesis Methods
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-07-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-45
- ISSN
- 1759-2879 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-2887
- OpenAlex
- W1506760053
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research Synthesis Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Information Retrieval and Search Behavior
- Keywords
- citation searching, Web of Science, Google Scholar, public health recommendations, NICE guidelines, evidence identification, search precision and recall, number needed to read, bibliographic database comparison
- MeSH terms
- Data Collection, Ethnicity, Humans, Public Health, Publications, Review Literature as Topic, Science, Reproducibility of Results, Body Mass Index, Databases, Bibliographic, Information Storage and Retrieval, Evidence-Based Medicine, Internet, Waist Circumference
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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