Long-term in vivo electromechanical reshaping for auricular reconstruction in the New Zealand white rabbit model.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To demonstrate the dosimetry effect of electromechanical reshaping (EMR) on cartilage shape change, structural integrity, cellular viability, and remodeling of grafts in an in vivo long-term animal model. STUDY DESIGN: Animal study. METHODS: A subperichondrial cartilaginous defect was created within the base of the pinna of 31 New Zealand white rabbits. Autologous costal cartilage grafts were electromechanically reshaped to resemble the rabbit auricular base framework and mechanically secured into the pinna base defect. Forty-nine costal cartilage specimens (four control and 45 experimental) successfully underwent EMR using a paired set of voltage-time combinations and survived for 6 or 12 weeks. Shape change was measured, and specimens were analyzed using digital imaging, tissue histology, and confocal microscopy with LIVE-DEAD viability assays. RESULTS: Shape change was proportional to charge transfer in all experimental specimens (P < .01) and increased with voltage. All experimental specimens contoured to the auricular base. Focal cartilage degeneration and fibrosis was observed where needle electrodes were inserted, ranging from 2.2 to 3.9 mm. The response to injury increased with increasing charge transfer and survival duration. CONCLUSIONS: EMR results in appropriate shape change in cartilage grafts with chondrocyte injury highly localized. These studies suggest that elements of auricular reconstruction may be feasible using EMR. Extended survival periods and further optimization of voltage-time pairs are necessary to evaluate the long-term effects and shape-change potential of EMR. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: NA.
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Electromechanical reshaping produced significant auricular changes with minimal injury, including promising applications to costal cartilage.
“electromechanical reshaping produced significant auricular changes with minimal injury, including promising applications to costal cartilage.45–47”
From Otoplasty Surgical Techniques and Clinical Outcomes: A Practical Review (2026) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Badran, K. W., Manuel, C. T., Loy, A. C., Conderman, C., Yau, Y. Y., Lin, J., Tjoa, T., Su, E., Protsenko, D., & Wong, B. J. F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wong, Brian J. F.
- Venue
- The Laryngoscope
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-16
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2058-2066
- ISSN
- 0023-852X (ISSN-L)
- 1531-4995
- PMC
- PMC4737598
- OpenAlex
- W1912906004
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Laryngoscope (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Defense Deployment Related Medical Research Program (DR090349)
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-04-1-0101)
- National Institutes of Health (DE019026, DC005572, DC 00170, RR 01192)
- Lockheed Martin Corporation (LMC-46674)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Tracheal and airway disorders
- Keywords
- ear reconstruction, cartilage grafts, costal cartilage, chondrocyte injury, cartilage fibrosis, cartilage degeneration, rabbit model, graft survival
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cartilage, Disease Models, Animal, Ear Deformities, Acquired, Electrosurgery, Follow-Up Studies, Rabbits, Otologic Surgical Procedures, Time Factors, Microscopy, Confocal, Plastic Surgery Procedures, Ear Auricle
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