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Environmental hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes

Kunhikannan, Shalini, Thomas, Colleen J., Franks, Ashley E., Mahadevaiah, Sumana, Kumar, Sumana, Petrovski, Steve·2021·MicrobiologyOpen
DOI 10.1002/mbo3.1197PMC PMC8123917
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Abstract

Bacterial resistance toward broad‐spectrum antibiotics has become a major concern in recent years. The threat posed by the infectious bacteria and the pace with which resistance determinants are transmitted needs to be deciphered. Soil and water contain unique and diverse microbial communities as well as pools of naturally occurring antibiotics resistant genes. Overuse of antibiotics along with poor sanitary practices expose these indigenous microbial communities to antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria and accelerate the process of acquisition and dissemination. Clinical settings, where most antibiotics are prescribed, are hypothesized to serve as a major hotspot. The predisposition of the surrounding environments to a pool of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria facilitates rapid antibiotic resistance among the indigenous microbiota in the soil, water, and clinical environments via horizontal gene transfer. This provides favorable conditions for the development of more multidrug‐resistant pathogens. Limitations in detecting gene transfer mechanisms have likely left us underestimating the role played by the surrounding environmental hotspots in the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria. This review aims to identify the major drivers responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance and hotspots responsible for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes.

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Authors
Kunhikannan, S., Thomas, C. J., Franks, A. E., Mahadevaiah, S., Kumar, S., & Petrovski, S.
Affiliations
  • Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology School of Life Sciences College of Science, Health and Engineering La Trobe University Bundoora Vic Australia
  • Department of Microbiology JSS Medical College and Hospital Mysuru India
  • Department of Microbiology Faculty of Life Sciences JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mysuru India
ORCID
Petrovski, Steve
Venue
MicrobiologyOpen
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-05-15
Volume
10
Issue
3
ISSN
2045-8827
DOI
10.1002/mbo3.1197
PMC
PMC8123917
Cited by
153
References
5
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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