The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food
Abstract
5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) as a product of the Maillard reaction is found in many foods. Estimated intakes range between 4 and 30 mg per person and day, while an intake of up to 350 mg can result from, e.g., beverages made from dried plums. In vitro genotoxicity was positive when the metabolic preconditions for the formation of the reactive metabolite 5‐sulphoxymethylfurfural were met. However, so far in vivo genotoxicity was negative. Results obtained in short‐term model studies for 5‐HMF on the induction of neoplastic changes in the intestinal tract were negative or cannot be reliably interpreted as “carcinogenic”. In the only long‐term carcinogenicity study in rats and mice no tumours or their precursory stages were induced by 5‐HMF aside from liver adenomas in female mice, the relevance of which must be viewed as doubtful. Hence, no relevance for humans concerning carcinogenic and genotoxic effects can be derived. The remaining toxic potential is rather low. Various animal experiments reveal that no adverse effect levels are in the range of 80–100 mg/kg body weight and day. Safety margins are generally sufficient. However, 5‐HMF exposure resulting from caramel colours used as food additives should be further evaluated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5024 · Cited by 5,350
Screening of tabacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames' test
Florin, I., Rutberg, L., Curvall, M., & Enzell, C. R. (1980) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0300-483x(80)90055-4 · Cited by 619
The Maillard Reaction in Foods and Nutrition
(1983) · ACS Symposium Series · doi:10.1021/bk-1983-0215 · Cited by 422
Janzowski, C., Glaab, V, Samimi, E., Schlatter, J., & Eisenbrand, G. (2000) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00070-3 · Cited by 330
A review of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in parenteral solutions
ULBRICHT, R. (1984) · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1016/0272-0590(84)90106-4 · Cited by 298
Abdulmalik, O., Safo, M. K., Chen, Q., Yang, J., Brugnara, C., Ohene‐Frempong, K., Abraham, D. J., & Asakura, T. (2005) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05332.x · Cited by 243
Process-induced food toxicants: occurrence, formation, mitigation, and health risks
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-6765 · Cited by 192
Analysis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfual in coffee, dried fruits and urine
Murkovic, M., & Pichler, N. (2006) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200500262 · Cited by 181
Surh, Y.-J., Liem, A., Miller, J. A., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1994) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/15.10.2375 · Cited by 163
Husøy, T., Haugen, M. A., Murkovic, M., Jöbstl, D., Stølen, L. H., Bjellaas, T., Rønningborg, C., Glatt, H. R., & Alexander, J. (2008) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.048 · Cited by 143
Cited by
Hydroxymethylfurfural, A Versatile Platform Chemical Made from Renewable Resources
van Putten, R.-J., van der Waal, J. C., de Jong, E., Rasrendra, C. B., Heeres, H. J., & de Vries, J. G. (2013) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr300182k · Cited by 2,886
Vistoli, G., De Maddis, D., Cipak, A., Zarkovic, N., Carini, M., & Aldini, G. (2013) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2013.815348 · Cited by 823
Advanced glycation endproducts in food and their effects on health
Poulsen, M. W., Hedegaard, R. V., Andersen, J. M., de Courten, B., Bügel, S., Nielsen, J., Skibsted, L. H., & Dragsted, L. O. (2013) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.052 · Cited by 751
Food colors: Existing and emerging food safety concerns
Oplatowska-Stachowiak, M., & Elliott, C. T. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2014.889652 · Cited by 329
Aspects of high hydrostatic pressure food processing: Perspectives on technology and food safety
Aganovic, K., Hertel, C., Vogel, R. F., Johne, R., Schlüter, O., Schwarzenbolz, U., Jäger, H., Holzhauser, T., Bergmair, J., Roth, A., et al. (2021) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12763 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Abraham, K., Gürtler, R., Berg, K., Heinemeyer, G., Lampen, A., & Appel, K. E.
- Venue
- Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-04-04
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 667-678
- ISSN
- 1613-4125 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-4133
- OpenAlex
- W2099637505
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/mnfr.201000564
- The paper
- Abraham, K., Gürtler, R., Berg, K., Heinemeyer, G., Lampen, A., & Appel, K. E. (2011). Toxicology and risk assessment of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in food. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201000564
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
