Spreading waves of decreased diffusion coefficient lifter cortical stimulation in the rat brain
Abstract
A method is demonstrated for the noninvasive detection and study of spreading cortical depression. Spreading depression (SD) was elicited in rats by topical application of potassium chloride to the exposed cortex. The apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp) of water in a region of the cortex, measured using a PFG-NMR spin echo sequence with an observation time of 40 ms, declines 35% within 30 s and recovers to the normal value within the next 30 s. The region of decreased Dapp was shown to be 2 mm in size and to move in the cortex, away from the point of application, with a uniform velocity of 3.3 +/- 0.5 mm/min. The behavior of the affected region is consistent with other reports of the behavior of SD as monitored by electrophysiological means. The technique can be implemented on currently available MRI equipment and makes possible the noninvasive study of SD in animal models of neurological disorders, their therapeutic intervention, and possibly the study of SD in humans.
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Earlier animal studies showed diffusion decreases during intense neuronal activation, linked to cell swelling and extracellular-space shrinkage.
“Earlier animal studies had already shown diffusion decreases during intense neuronal activation (Zhong et al., 1993, 1997), and these were linked to cell swelling and extracellular-space shrinkage (Dietzel et al., 1980; Latour et al., 1994; Hansen & Olsen, 1980; Hasegawa et al., 1995).”
From 40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers (2026) · cites this paper as Latour et al., 1994
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Direct and fast detection of neuronal activation in the human brain with diffusion MRI
Le Bihan, D., Urayama, S.-I., Aso, T., Hanakawa, T., & Fukuyama, H. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600644103 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Ackerman, J. J. H., & Neil, J. J. (2010) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.1530 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
40 Years of diffusion MRI in the brain: From history to emerging frontiers
Le Bihan, D. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1365
- Authors
- Latour, L. L., Hasegawa, Y., Formato, J. E., Fisher, M., & Sotak, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sotak, Christopher H.
- Venue
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-08
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-198
- ISSN
- 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2594
- OpenAlex
- W1973256430
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 13.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- cortical spreading depression, apparent diffusion coefficient, non-invasive detection, rat cortex, neurological disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Diffusion, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, Cortical Spreading Depression, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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