Formalin fixation alters water diffusion coefficient magnitude but not anisotropy in infarcted brain
Open accessAbstract
This study was designed to determine whether formalin fixation alters diffusion parameters in the infarcted brain. Diffusion tensor images were obtained from anesthetized mice 1 hr after middle cerebral artery occlusion and repeated after formalin fixation of brains. In live animals, there was a significant decrease in the trace of the diffusion tensor (Tr(D)) in infarcted cortex and external capsule compared with contralateral brain areas, with no change in relative anisotropy (RA). After formalin fixation, Tr(D) was reduced 30-80%. However, the Tr(D) differential present in vivo between injured and healthy tissues was lost, with Tr(D) reduced to similar values in all tissues except for the edge of the cortical infarction, where it was lower than in surrounding tissues. RA values were unchanged after fixation. This study supports the preservation of diffusion anisotropy for both healthy and injured white matter in fixed mouse brain. However, the sensitivity of water diffusion in detecting tissue injury in vivo is not preserved in fixed tissues.
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Diffusion-weighted signals are affected by the effects of fixation on water diffusion.
“The same principle applies to diffusion-weighted signals, which are affected by the effects of fixation on water diffusion (Shepherd, Thelwall, Stanisz, Blackband, 2009, Sun, Neil, Liang, He, Schmidt, Hsu, Song, 2005).”
From Can MRI measure myelin? Systematic review, qualitative assessment, and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology (2021) · cites this paper as Sun, Neil, Liang, He, Schmidt, Hsu, Song, 2005
Previous DTI studies assessing microstructural changes in rTg4510 mice produced conflicting results.
“Previous DTI studies assessing microstructural changes in rTg4510 mice, which express transgenic tau P301L mutations driven by a Ca 2+ / calmodulin kinase II promoter system [30,31] in the white and grey matter produced conflicting results [33][34][35][36].”
From Diffusion tensor imaging reveals whole-brain microstructural changes in the P301L mouse model of tauopathy. (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
Brains not removed from the skull preserve cortical and central brain structure.
“Brains were not removed from the skull, which has been shown previously to preserve cortical and central brain structure [35].”
From Diffusion tensor imaging reveals whole-brain microstructural changes in the P301L mouse model of tauopathy. (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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A cross‐comparative analysis of in vivo versus ex vivo MRI indices in a mouse model of concussion
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- Authors
- Sun, S., Neil, J. J., Liang, H., He, Y. Y., Schmidt, R. E., Hsu, C. Y., & Song, S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Sheng‐Kwei
- Venue
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-05-19
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1447-1451
- ISSN
- 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2594
- OpenAlex
- W2023454750
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P30 CA 91842, R24CA083060, R24-CA83060, P30CA091842)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS35912, R01NS035912)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Keywords
- formalin fixation, diffusion tensor imaging, water diffusion coefficient, diffusion anisotropy, cerebral infarction, middle cerebral artery occlusion, white matter injury, fixation artifacts, external capsule, mouse brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Water, Brain Mapping, Fixatives, Formaldehyde, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tissue Fixation, Anisotropy, Brain Infarction, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mice
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