A Structural Model of the Influence of Immigrant Mothers' Depressive Symptoms and Home Environment on Their Children's Early Developmental Outcomes in Taiwan
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study of 61 immigrant mothers and their 6- to 24-month-old children in Taiwan, we examined the structure of relationships among maternal depressive symptoms, quality of the child-rearing home environment, and child development using a partial least squares approach. Maternal depressive symptoms as measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale had a direct and negative effect on the quality of the home environment as measured by the IT-HOME, which in turn had a direct and positive effect on child development as measured by the Comprehensive Developmental Inventory for Infants and Toddlers. Maternal depressive symptoms did not directly affect child development, suggesting that the quality of the home environment mediated the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and child development.
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Maternal PPD has an indirect effect on cognitive development via effects on quality of the home environment, which directly affects early child development.
“The eighth study141 underlined the indirect effect of maternal PPD on cognitive development, which occurred as a result of maternal depressive symptoms that impacted the quality of the home environment and had a direct effect on early child development.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Maternal PPD has an indirect effect on motor development via effects on quality of the home environment, which directly affects early child development.
“The fourth study141 underlined the indirect effect of maternal PPD on motor development as a consequence of the effects of maternal depressive symptoms on the quality of the home environment. This mechanism had a direct effect on early child development.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
The quality of the home environment has a significant and positive effect on child development (0.55, p < 0.001).
“The quality of the home environment had a significant and positive effect on child development (0.55, p < 0.001).”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Maternal depressive symptoms have a direct and negative effect on the quality of the home environment (−0.32, p < 0.05).
“Maternal depressive symptoms had a direct and negative effect on the quality of the home environment (−0.32, p < 0.05).”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Maternal PPD has an indirect effect on social development via effects on quality of the home environment, which directly affects early child development.
“Another study showed the indirect effect of maternal PPD on social development via the impact of maternal depressive symptoms on the quality of the home environment, which directly affected early child development.141”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Maternal depressive symptoms do not have a direct effect on child development (0.05, p > 0.05).
“Maternal depressive symptoms did not have a direct effect on child development (0.05, p > 0.05).”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Maternal PPD has an indirect effect on language development via effects on quality of the home environment, which directly affects early child development.
“Another study141 underlined the indirect effect of maternal PPD on language development via maternal depressive symptoms that impacted the quality of the home environment and had a direct effect on early child development.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Maternal PPD has an indirect effect on self-regulatory behaviors via maternal depressive symptoms, which had an impact on the quality of the home environment and directly affected early child development.
“One study141 reported the indirect effect of maternal PPD on self-regulatory behaviors via maternal depressive symptoms, which had an impact on the quality of the home environment and directly affected early child development.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
Many studies indicated significant and negative associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant cognitive development, language development, infant behaviors, overall infant health concerns, and quality of sleep.
“Moreover, many studies indicated significant and negative associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant cognitive development,94,95,99,101,102,107,141,147 language development,94,102,105,116,117,131,132,139 infant behaviors,49,52,110,114,120,121,131,133 overall infant health concerns,48,104,119,122–124,135,136,138 and quality of sleep.104,108”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [141]
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References 31 · Cited by 26
- Authors
- Chen, H., Hwang, F., Wang, K., Chen, C., Lai, J. C., & Chien, L.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming University (TW)
- National Chiayi University (TW)
- Mackay Memorial Hospital (TW)
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chien, Li‐Yin
- Venue
- Research in Nursing & Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-10-08
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 603-611
- ISSN
- 0160-6891 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-240X
- OpenAlex
- W1930786436
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research in Nursing & Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council, Taiwan (NSC96-2628B-010-039)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- maternal depressive symptoms, immigrant mothers, family environment, child development, early childhood, mediation, maternal depression, parenting environment, infants and toddlers, Taiwan
- MeSH terms
- Child Care, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Models, Psychological, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Support, Socioeconomic Factors, Taiwan, Emigrants and Immigrants
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