Sonographic development of the normal foetal thorax and abdomen across gestation
Abstract
In the following review, the development of the thorax and abdomen, as described by embryologists and anatomists in modern embryological text books, is compared with sonoanatomic descriptions from 2D and 3D ultrasound studies, week by week in the first trimester. The anatomic descriptions are limited to details that are of interest for the understanding of ultrasound examinations. For the second and third trimester, the description of the sonographic development of the thorax and abdomen is divided into thoracic skeleton, diaphragm, lungs, oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, bowel and gall bladder. The review is restricted to the normal development, appearance and biometric assessment of these organs; and discusses topical literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The diaphragmatic interface can often be visualized as a hypoechoic dividing line between the thoracic and abdominal content.
“The diaphragmatic interface can often be visualized as a hypoechoic dividing line between the thoracic and abdominal content (e.g. between heart and stomach or lung and liver) 69,70 .”
From <scp>ISUOG</scp> Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of the routine mid‐trimester fetal ultrasound scan (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
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References 93 · Cited by 27
- Authors
- Blaas, H. K., & Eik‐Nes, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Blaas, Harm‐Gerd K.
- Venue
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 568-580
- ISSN
- 0197-3851 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0223
- OpenAlex
- W2121878795
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Prenatal Diagnosis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- organogenesis, gestational age, 3D ultrasound, diaphragm, esophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, intestine, gallbladder, fetal biometry, first trimester, second trimester, third trimester
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Thorax, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Fetal Development
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