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Foam processing and cellular structure of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites
Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites (PPCNs) were autoclave‐foamed in a batch process. Foaming was performed using supercritical CO 2 at 10 MPa, within the temperature range from 130.6°C to 143.4°C, i.e., below the melting temperature of either PPCNs or maleic anhydride‐modified PP (PP‐MA) matrix without clay. The foamed PP‐MA and PPCN2 (prepared at 130.6°C and containing 2 wt% clay) show closed cell structures with pentagonal and/or hexagonal faces, while foams of PPCN4 and PPCN7.5 (prepared at 143.4°C, 4 and 7.5 wt% clay) had spherical cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that foamed PPCNs had high cell density of 10 7–10 8 cells/mL, cell sizes in the range of 30–120 μm, cell wall thicknesses of 5–15 μm, and low densities of 0.05–0.3 g/mL. Interestingly, transmission electron microscopic observations of the PPCNs' cell structure showed biaxial flow‐induced alignment of clay particles along the cell boundary. In this paper, the correlation between foam structure and rheological properties of the PPCNs is also discussed.
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Cited by
SINHARAY, S., & BOUSMINA, M. (2005) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.05.002 · Cited by 1,611
Ray, S. S., & Okamoto, M. (2003) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.200300008 · Cited by 454
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nam, P. H., Maiti, P., Okamoto, M., Kotaka, T., Nakayama, T., Takada, M., Ohshima, M., Usuki, A., Hasegawa, N., & Okamoto, H.
- Venue
- Polymer Engineering & Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1907-1918
- ISSN
- 0032-3888 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-2634
- OpenAlex
- W2003951261
- Cited by
- 261
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 10.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Nam, P. H., Maiti, P., Okamoto, M., Kotaka, T., Nakayama, T., Takada, M., Ohshima, M., Usuki, A., Hasegawa, N., & Okamoto, H. (2002). Foam processing and cellular structure of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Polymer Engineering & Science. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.11083
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